杜甫(712~770),字子美,自称少陵野老。举进士不第,曾任检校工部员外郎,故世称杜工部。是唐代最伟大的现实主义诗人,宋以后被尊为“诗圣”,与李白并称“李杜”。其诗大胆揭露当时社会矛盾,对穷苦人民寄予深切同情,内容深刻。许多优秀作品,显示了唐代由盛转衰的历史过程,因被称为“诗史”。在艺术上,善于运用各种诗歌形式,尤长于律诗;风格多样,而以沉郁为主;语言精炼,具有高度的表达能力。存诗1400多首,有《杜工部集》
《剑门》是唐代诗人杜甫创作的一首五言古诗。《发同谷县》题下注:“乾元二年十二月一日,自陇右赴成都纪行。”杜甫在这次途中写了十二首纪行诗,途经剑门,惊叹于地势之险要,联想到由藩镇强大造成的安史之乱,意识到剑南之地容易被军阀负险自固、割据称雄而创作此诗,为十二首中的第十首。
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《剑门》
【唐】杜甫
惟天有设险,剑门天下壮。
连山抱西南,石角皆北向。
两崖崇墉倚,刻画城郭状。
一夫怒临关,百万未可傍。
珠玉走中原,岷峨气凄怆。
三皇五帝前,鸡犬各相放。
后王尚柔远,职贡道已丧。
至今英雄人,高视见霸王。
并吞与割据,极力不相让。
吾将罪真宰,意欲铲叠嶂。
恐此复偶然,临风默惆怅。
版本校勘:无重大异文。
笔者才疏学浅,不揣谫陋,翻译此诗,向唐代大诗人杜甫致敬。本译遵循信达雅、动态对等,“三美论”,以诗译诗:
Sword Gate Pass
Heaven alone set up this rugged barricade;
Sword-Gate, the grandest pass beneath thesky displayed.
Contiguous ranges clasp the southwest land;
All rocky spires their sharp ends northwardstand.
Two cliffs loom tall like lofty rampartsside by side,
Shaped by nature as if city walls allied.
One man enraged to guard this narrow gate,
A million troops dare not approach itsfate.
Pearls and jade flow toward the CentralPlain;
Mount Min and Mount E wear a look of pain.
Before the Three Sires and Five Kings’ age began,
Hens and dogs roamed at will throughout theland.
Later kings sought distant tribes topacify;
The ancient tribute duty’s virtue passed and died.
Heroes still lift their eyes for kingship’s claim;
Some strive to conquer, some to carvedomain.
They strain in strife, and yield no inch ofground.
I would blame Heaven’s Ruler, bid these layered peaks be downed.
Yet fear such strife may chance once moreto be;
Beneath the wind I stand, in silent misery.
本译还原了杜甫苍凉恢宏的风格,意象一个不丢,力求精准还原。以宽韵处理尾韵,炼字精当,节奏切合五言诗,英文诗味浓郁。
当然,水平有限,不足之处,敬请专家学者和读者批评指正。笔者愿尽绵薄之力,为中华文化出海减少“文化折扣”做出点滴贡献。(王永利)
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