双语推荐｜钒钛磁铁矿低碳智能冶炼的破局之道

本次精选发表于《钢铁钒钛》的5篇双语文章，内容涵盖钒钛矿钢铁生产流程数字孪生技术发展、高炉铁水温度高精度预测模型、氢-碳协同还原机理、高炉冶炼优化、低碳冶炼工艺等，为行业科研攻关、工艺优化、数字化升级提供参考，助力我国特色钒钛资源高效、绿色、智能化开发利用。

01

钒钛矿钢铁生产流程数字孪生技术发展与展望

Development and prospect of digital twin technology in vanadium-titanium ore-based iron and steel production process

【摘要】钒钛磁铁矿作为战略性资源，其高效冶炼对我国钢铁工业至关重要。钒钛磁铁矿冶炼过程中面临矿中钛元素回收率低、工艺流程智能化程度欠缺、高炉冶炼技术优化难度高、综合能源智慧管理欠缺等问题，影响其产品升级和产能提高。数字孪生技术通过构建虚实融合的智能系统，可助力实现钒钛矿钢铁生产全流程的工艺优化、设备研发和智能控制。目前，相关研究尚处于探索阶段，研究成果较少且缺乏系统性。为此，介绍了数字孪生的内涵与发展历史，系统梳理了数字孪生在钒钛矿钢铁生产流程中的研究热点，总结了相关研究结果与工程实践，展望了数字孪生技术未来的发展趋势，为后续研究人员提供研究思路，以促进数字孪生技术应用，提升我国特色钒钛资源利用与钢铁智能制造水平。

【Abstract】The efficient smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite, as a strategic resource, is of vital importance to China’s steel industry. During the smelting process of vanadium-titanium magnetite, problems such as low recovery rate of titanium in the ore, insufficient intelligence of the process flow, high difficulty in optimizing blast furnace smelting technology, and a lack of comprehensive energy intelligent management are faced, which affect its product upgrading and capacity improvement. Digital twin technology can help achieve process optimization, equipment R&D, and intelligent control throughout the entire production process of vanadium-titanium ore steel by building an intelligent system that integrates the virtual and the real economy. At present, relevant research is still in the exploratory stage, with few research achievements and a lack of systematicness. For this purpose, the connotation and development history of digital twins were introduced. The research hotspots of digital twins in the production process of vanadium-titanium ore steel were systematically sorted out. The relevant research results and engineering practices were summarized, and the future development trends of digital twin technology were prospected, providing research ideas for subsequent researchers to promote the application of digital twin technology and enhance the utilization of characteristic vanadium-titanium resources and the intelligent manufacturing level of steel in China.

02

基于深度学习的钒钛磁铁矿高炉铁水温度预测模型研究

Research on the prediction model of hot metal temperature in vanadium-titanium magnetite blast furnace based on deep learning

【摘要】准确及时地掌握铁水温度对保证钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼平稳顺行和提高铁水质量十分重要。基于长期生产现场数据，融合领域知识和数据驱动方法，构建了基于注意力机制和LSTM的铁水温度预测模型。首先，结合冶炼经验、规则与数据分析技术构建钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼过程特征矩阵，并通过降维技术将特征维度减少至28维，降低了预测复杂度。其次，将不同时间窗口的历史操作数据作为输入，构建基于LSTM架构的多时间步预测模型，并引入深度学习中的注意力机制提升关键特征的权重，以提高预测精度。结果表明，该模型在命中率（±5℃）达到92.5%，初步实现了钒钛磁铁矿高炉铁水温度高精度预测，为高炉炉况判断和操作优化提供了重要参考。

【Abstract】Accurate and timely prediction of hot metal temperature (HMT) is crucial for ensuring stable operation and improving hot metal quality in vanadium-titanium magnetite blast furnaces. Leveraging long-term field data, an HMT prediction model was developed for blast furnaces by integrating domain knowledge with data-driven strategies and combining an attention mechanism with long short-term memory neural networks (LSTM). Firstly, a feature matrix of the vanadium-titanium magnetite blast furnace smelting process was constructed by integrating smelting experience, rules, and data analysis techniques. Dimensionality reduction techniques were applied to reduce the feature dimension to 28, effectively reducing the prediction complexity. Secondly, this paper constructed a multi-time-step prediction model based on the LSTM architecture, using historical operation data from different time windows as inputs. By introducing an attention mechanism from deep learning to capture the importance of input features, the model’s prediction accuracy was further improved. The results show that the model achieved a hit rate of 92.5% within a ±5℃ error range, realizing high-precision online prediction of hot metal temperatures in vanadium-titanium magnetite blast furnaces. This model provides an important reference for condition judgment and operation evaluation of blast furnaces.

03

氢-碳协同还原钒钛磁铁矿试验研究

Experimental study on hydrogen-carbon synergistic reduction of vanadium-titanium magnetite

【摘要】采用钒钛磁铁矿精矿粉内配兰炭骨料与氢气进行协同还原的方式，探究了骨料量和还原温度对钒钛磁铁矿气基还原金属化率以及抗压强度的影响，并运用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）以及X射线计算机断层扫描（XCT）方法分析了还原产物物相、微观形貌以及孔隙结构变化。结果表明，在氢气气氛下内配兰炭还原可显著提升钒钛磁铁矿的还原效果；在氮气气氛下，兰炭并未将钒钛磁铁矿还原。内配兰炭的钒钛磁铁矿还原后，金属铁的XRD衍射峰增强，而碳的衍射峰降低。在内配兰炭还原后的试样表面，兰炭颗粒保存较好且附近孔隙较多，内嵌兰炭提高了试样内部的孔隙数量并增大了孔径，促进还原气体深入试样参与还原，从而提高了钒钛磁铁矿还原效果。

【Abstract】The study explored the effects of aggregate quantity and reduction temperature on the gas-based reduction metallization rate and compressive strength of vanadium-titanium magnetite through a synergistic reduction method using vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate powder internally mixed with semi-coke aggregate and hydrogen. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray computed tomography (XCT) were employed to analyze the phase composition, micro-morphology, and pore structure changes of the reduced products. The results indicated that the reduction effect of vanadium-titanium magnetite was significantly enhanced when reduced with internally mixed semi-coke in a hydrogen atmosphere. In contrast, no reduction of vanadium-titanium magnetite was observed with semi-coke in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reduction of vanadium-titanium magnetite mixed with semi-coke, the XRD diffraction peaks of metallic iron were intensified, while the semi-coke diffraction peaks were decreased. On the surface of the samples after reduction with semicoke, the semicoke particles remained relatively intact, with numerous pores in their vicinity. The embedded semi-coke increased the number of pores within the samples and enlarged the pore diameters, facilitating the penetration of reducing gases into the samples for reduction, thus enhancing the reduction effect of vanadium-titanium magnetite.

04

钒钛磁铁矿金属化球团电炉熔分钒钛竞争还原机理

Competitive reduction mechanism of vanadium and titanium of vanadium-titanium magnetite metallized pellets smelted by electric arc furnace

【摘要】钒钛磁铁矿是一种富含铁、钒、钛等多种金属元素的特殊铁矿资源。高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿技术已经非常成熟，但需要配加普通铁精矿，造成炉渣中TiO2含量低，难以进行TiO2的资源化回收。为了实现钒钛磁铁矿中铁、钒、钛的综合利用，钒钛磁铁矿气基竖炉直接还原-电炉熔分技术逐渐被认为是回收铁、钒、钛的最有效技术。该技术可以实现全钒钛磁铁矿冶炼，不需要配加熔剂，可以获得高TiO2含量的炉渣，进行炉渣中TiO2的资源化利用。钒钛磁铁矿金属化球团电炉熔分过程中，为了将钒还原进入铁水，需要配加还原剂进行深度还原，熔渣中的钒和钛会竞争还原。笔者进行了熔渣中V2O5和TiO2与碳还原反应的热力学计算，得到了TiO2与C反应生成TiC以及V2O5对TiC反应的抑制关系。计算结果表明，在熔分温度1 500℃以上，还原剂碳配加量足够的条件下，钒钛磁铁矿金属化球团电炉熔分过程中不可避免会还原生成TiC，V2O5虽然可以抑制TiC的生成，但由于熔渣中TiO2含量高、活度大，V2O5活度小，V2O5难以抑制TiC的生成。钒钛磁铁矿金属化球团电炉熔分仍然存在炉渣变稠，电炉排渣困难的问题。

【Abstract】Vanadium titano-magnetite is a special iron ore resource rich in multiple elements such as iron, vanadium, titanium. The blast furnace process for vanadium titano-magnetite is very mature, but it requires the addition of ordinary iron concentrate, resulting low TiO2 content in the slag, making it difficult to recover TiO2 from slag. To achieve comprehensive utilization of vanadium titano-magnetite, the process of direct reduction in gas-based shaft furnace and smelting in electric arc furnace is currently considered as the most effective technology to recover iron, vanadium and titanium. This technology can smelt vanadium titano-magnetite entirely without the need for flux, producing slag with high TiO2 content. During the electric arc furnace melting of vanadium titano-magnetite metalized pellets, reducing agents need be added to deeply reduce vanadium into the molten iron, and vanadium and titanium in the slag will compete for reduction. In this paper, the thermodynamics of reduction reaction of V2O5 and TiO2 with carbon in slag was calculated. The reaction process of TiO2 with C to form TiC, and the inhibition relationship of V2O5 on the TiC formation were analyzed. The results show that TiC is inevitable when the melting temperature is above 1 500 °C and the reducing agent of carbon is sufficient. It is difficult for V2O5 to inhibit the formation of TiC because of the high TiO2 activity and low V2O5 activity in slag. The problem of slag thickening and difficult slag discharge in electric arc furnace is still existed in smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite metallized pellets.

05

高炉高富氧与全氧富氢气氛对钒钛混合炉料软熔行为的影响研究

Study on the influence of highly oxygen enrichment and H2-rich oxygen blast furnace atmospheres on softening-melting behaviors of vanadium titanomagnetite mixed burden

【摘要】探讨了高炉富氧、全氧及全氧富氢气氛对钒钛磁铁矿混合炉料软熔性能、透气性及气体利用率的影响规律。结果表明，高炉富氧气氛下，炉料软化开始温度下降，软化结束温度、熔化开始温度、滴落温度升高，软化区间、熔化区间变宽，但透气性指数下降，气体利用率降低；全氧富氢气氛条件下，通过引入H2，炉料软化开始温度、软化结束温度、熔化开始温度升高，软化区间变宽，熔化区间变窄，透气性能进一步得到改善，H2利用率增加。进一步研究表明，还原气体成分的变化对炉渣和铁水的化学成分产生了重要影响，富氧气氛下炉渣中Ti(C,N)含量显著降低，全氧富氢气氛下炉渣中TiC含量及铁水中[Si]、[Ti]、[V]含量均显著提高。研究为钒钛矿高炉冶炼过程中的绿色低碳技术提供了理论依据，为提高钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼效率并减少碳排放提供了重要的基础试验支持。

【Abstract】This study investigates the effects of oxygen-enriched, oxygen blast furnace, and H2-rich oxygen blast furnace atmospheres on the softening-melting behaviors, permeabilities, and gas utilization efficiency of vanadium titanomagnetite mixed burden. The results indicate that under oxygen-rich blast furnace atmosphere, the softening start temperature of furnace burden decreases, while the softening end temperature, melting start temperature, and dripping temperature increase. Consequently, both the softening and melting intervals become widened. However, the permeabilities and total reduction gas utilization efficiency decline. Under the H2-rich oxygen blast furnace atmosphere, the introduction of H2 leads to an increase in the softening start temperature, softening end temperature, and melting start temperature. Additionally, the softening interval expands, while the melting interval narrows, resulting in the improved gas permeability and enhanced H2 utilization efficiency. Further investigation reveals that variations in the reducing gas compositions significantly influence the chemical compositions of both slags and hot metals. Under the oxygen-enriched atmosphere, the Ti(C, N) content in slag decreases markedly, whereas under fully oxygen-enriched, H2-rich conditions, the TiC content in the slag, as well as [Si], [V], and [Ti] concentrations in hot metal, increase substantially. This study provides a theoretical basis for green low-carbon technologies in vanadium titanomagnetite smelting, and offers important experimental support for improving smelting efficiency and reducing carbon emissions.

期刊推荐

《钢铁钒钛》创刊于1980年，由攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司、重庆大学主办，钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室、钒钛资源综合利用产业技术创新战略联盟协办。创刊以来，《钢铁钒钛》始终坚持以钒钛磁铁矿的开发、钒钛在钢中的应用以及钒钛资源综合利用为主题的办刊宗旨，优选报道了普通高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿技术、钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼系列强化技术、雾化提钒、转炉提钒、半钢炼钢及连铸技术、钒微合金化技术及系列钢种开发、含钒钢轨及钢轨全长淬火热处理技术、钒渣制取五氧化二钒、钛白生产及产品深加工等一大批重大选题，全面地反映了钒钛磁铁矿冶炼和钒钛资源开发利用的进展情况，同时也记载了攀钢在建设、生产中具有特色的实践经验，在传递钢铁钒钛行业信息、推广优秀科研成果、指导科研生产、推动钒钛行业技术进步、发现培养优秀科研人才等方面都起到了重要作用。

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