浙江
伊朗
VS
美国
TheUnited StatesandIranare far away from each other. They don’t share a border. They rarely interact in daily life.
Sowhyhave they been enemies for more than 40 years?
美国和伊朗相距甚远，两国没有共同边界，日常交往也极为有限。
那么，为何两国敌对关系已持续四十多年？
The conflict mainly comes from
3 historical turning points.
01
First, in1953, the U.S. helped overthrow Iran’s elected government during the 1953 Iranian coup d'état because Iran tried to nationalize its oil industry.
首先，在1953年伊朗政变期间，美国协助推翻了伊朗民选政府，原因是伊朗试图将其石油工业国有化。
02
Second,in 1979,the Iranian Revolution overthrew the U.S.-supported king and created an Islamic government.
其次，1979年伊朗革命推翻了美国支持的国王政权，并建立了伊斯兰政府。
03
Third, the same year, the IranHostage Crisishappened when Iranian students held Americandiplomatsfor 444 days.
These events created deep mistrust on both sides
第三，同年伊朗人质危机爆发，伊朗学生扣押美国外交官长达444天。这些事件导致双方产生深刻的不信任。
Nationsremember history the sameway people do.Oldwoundscan shape relationships forgenerations.
各国对历史的记忆方式与人类普遍认知一致。历史创伤可能对人际关系产生代际影响。
If you controlled one narrow waterway where a large portion of the world's oil must pass, how powerful would your country be?
若能掌控一条全球石油运输要道，掌控这条狭窄水道的国家实力将何等强大？
StraitofHormuz
Iran sits at a critical point between the Middle East and global energy markets.
Aroundone-fifth of the world’s oiltravels through the Strait of Hormuz.
Because Iran is located next to this passage, it has enormousstrategicimportance in global politics.
Many international tensions in the region are connected toenergy security.
伊朗地处中东与全球能源市场之间的战略要冲。
全球约五分之一的石油需经霍尔木兹海峡运输。由于毗邻这一重要通道，伊朗在全球政治格局中具有举足轻重的战略地位。
该地区诸多国际紧张局势都与能源安全问题密切相关。
Geography does not change quickly, but it shapes politics for centuries.
地理环境虽不会迅速改变，却能影响政治格局长达数百年之久。
Many people think allMiddle Easterncountriesare culturally the same.
But is Iran actually an Arab country?
很多人认为所有中东国家在文化上都相同。但伊朗真的属于阿拉伯国家吗？
Most Iranians arePersian,not Arab. Iran has one of the oldest civilizations in the world.
More than 2,500 years ago, the powerful Achaemenid Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great. At its height, the empireruled territory from Egypt to India.
Because of this long history,many Iranians see their country as a great civilization, not just a modern nation.
绝大多数伊朗人属于波斯族而非阿拉伯族。伊朗拥有世界上最古老的文明之一。
两千五百多年前，伟大的居鲁士一世建立了强大的阿契美尼德帝国。在其鼎盛时期，该帝国疆域横跨埃及至印度。
正因如此悠久的历史，许多伊朗人将本国视为伟大的文明体，而不仅仅是一个现代国家。
Some countries think in decades,ancient civilizations think in thousandsof years.
有些国家以十年为单位进行规划，而古代文明则以千年为尺度思考。
Islam is the dominant religion in the Middle East.
But did you know there are two major branches?
伊斯兰教是中东地区的主导宗教。但你知道它其实有两个主要分支吗？
About 85–90% of Muslims are Sunni.
But Iran is mostlyShiaMuslim.
This difference began more than1,400 years ago, after a dispute about who should lead the Muslim community after the Prophet Muhammad.
Because Iran is the largest Shia-majority country, it plays a unique role in regional politics.
Religious identity often overlaps with political alliances in the Middle East.
约85%-90%的穆斯林属于逊尼派，但伊朗全国绝大多数穆斯林为什叶派。
这一分歧可追溯至1400多年前，当时围绕先知穆罕默德之后谁应领导穆斯林社群的问题爆发了争端。作为什叶派人口最多的国家，伊朗在地区政治中扮演着独特角色。
在中东地区，宗教认同往往与政治联盟存在重叠现象。
In many parts of the world, religionis private.
In the Middle East, religion oftenshapes politics.
在世界许多地区，宗教信仰属于私人领域。而在中东地区，宗教往往深刻影响着政治格局。
In1979,the Iranian Revolution overthrew the king Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
A new Islamic government was established under the leadership of Ruhollah Khomeini.
This transformed Iran from a pro-Western monarchy into a revolutionary Islamic
republic.
It also dramatically changed Iran’s relationship with the United States and much of the world.
1979年，伊朗革命推翻了穆罕默德·礼萨·巴列维国王的统治。
在鲁霍拉·霍梅尼的领导下，新伊斯兰政府应运而生。这一变革使伊朗从亲西方的君主制国家转变为革命性的伊斯兰共和国。
同时也彻底改变了伊朗与美国及世界多数国家的关系格局。
Some years pass quietly.
Other years redefine a nation’s future
有些岁月悄然流逝
有些岁月则重新定义一个国家的未来
Geography shapes strategy.
History shapes identity.
Turning points shape the future.
地理塑造战略，历史塑造身份，转折点塑造未来。
Understanding conflicts is not about choosing sides.
It is about understanding the forces that created them
理解冲突并非关于选择立场，
而是关于理解导致冲突产生的各种因素。
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