高效抗炎又抗氧，超绿茶15倍、比辅酶Q10更强3倍？

本文作者介绍：徐昕昕，时光派主编，报道抗衰与长寿行业一切新鲜事

抗衰大家族中，羟基酪醇是不可忽视的”明星成分“，这种源自橄榄等植物的天然物质，凭借独特优势，逐步走进大众视野。

图注：羟基酪醇结构式

在羟基酪醇的功效清单里，打击炎症、对抗氧化，称得上是“最出圈的两大王牌”：精准攻坚——直击公认加速衰老的两大重要因素；“喜闻乐见”——炎症和氧化，抗衰路上谁不怕？

但要说抗炎和抗氧化，也绝不是什么新鲜概念，不少抗衰物质，都要和这俩能力沾点边，那么羟基酪醇独特在哪里？

No.1

改善炎症：源头到下游，全线操盘

在改善机体炎症尤其是慢性炎症上，羟基酪醇可以从源头到下游因子，全面掌控炎症。

源头上，羟基酪醇通过抑制NF-kB，降低iNOS和COX-2等炎症关联基因表达，达到抗炎效果[1, 2]。而到了下游，对诸多耳熟能详的炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6与炎症过程的趋化因子CXCL10等，羟基酪醇也都能显著抑制[3, 4]。

No.2

对抗氧化：“救火”也预防，内外兼修

对另一核心功效，抗氧化，羟基酪醇不仅能高效清除自由基，还提升了生物体内如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽还原酶、CAT（过氧化氢酶）等重要抗氧化酶的活性，直接拉升机体抗氧化能力[5]。

抗氧化，羟基酪醇传之以“鱼”，更授之以“渔”

也正因羟基酪醇扎实的抗氧化理论基础，某商家宣传时称其“抗氧化能力是绿茶的十五倍，是辅酶Q10的三倍多”。

图注：截取国外某健康平台对商家公开羟基酪醇抗氧化数据的评论

尽管作者我肯定羟基酪醇的抗氧化能力，不过就与其他抗氧化物质的功效对比而言，我认为仍需多中心的交叉实验去论证。

当我们由表及里去发现，在机制层面，羟基酪醇上调了长寿蛋白SIRT1水平，改善衰老加速生物的健康状况[6]。并且，无论是否向SIRT1“借道”，羟基酪醇都能显著促进自噬[7-10]。

以及，对有“生物体长寿开关”之称的AMPK信号通路，羟基酪醇也能有效激活[11-13]。

图注：羟基酪醇激活AMPK调节线粒体自噬而改善肝脂肪堆积。图源[13]

掌控“生命压舱石”，羟基酪醇毫不意外在多方面表现出自己抗衰上的异禀天赋，大体涵盖了调节心血管、免疫、呼吸、骨骼、胃肠道、神经系统与抗病毒、癌症8大方面。

下面我们将选取部分功效与大家分享，如有上述未提且大家感兴趣的方面，欢迎评论区交流~

No.1

心血管保护

以人类血液为样本，羟基酪醇能减少血清血栓素并增加NO产生，表明出优良的抗血小板聚集作用，效果与知名选手阿司匹林接近[14]。

同时，通过抑制血管细胞之间的内皮黏附分子表达，羟基酪醇还具有预防动脉粥样硬化、降低心血管风险的功效[15]。

No.2

免疫调节

在免疫抑制的动物模型中，羟基酪醇提高了免反应中CD8+和CD2+ T淋巴细胞的表达，可缓解局部的免疫抑制，增强免疫力[16]。

No.3

神经系统改善

对于神经系统，羟基酪醇及其代谢物被发现可有效抑制退行疾病的重要标志——tau蛋白与α-突触核蛋白的异常沉积与聚集，降低生物大脑炎症[17-19]，它也是难得能穿过血脑屏障的天然多酚。

其实，羟基酪醇同时也是神经传导中的重要递质，多巴胺，在体内的天然代谢产物[20]，这代表这一物质不仅可通过外源补充，也能在机体内生成。

图注：能让我们快乐的多巴胺，它的代谢产物就包含羟基酪醇

No.4

呼吸系统调节

在呼吸系统中，羟基酪醇能通过调节自噬、抑制NF-kB信号减轻生物体肺损伤[21, 22]，在肺部纤维化等疾病中有良好的辅助治疗功效[23]。

此外，当生物体被动暴露在吸烟环境中，羟基酪醇还能通过降低氧化应激减少大鼠肺部损伤[24]。有了这种物质，我们可能再不用担忧“二手烟”的危害。

对于羟基酪醇，欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）早在2017年通过条例，认可“认可其作为一种新型食物（安全性良好，在各年龄段、50mg/kg剂量下未见不良反应）。羟基酪醇目前已拥有GRAS（公认安全）与FDA认可的NDI（新型膳食成分）双重身份认证。

话不说多，今天文章就先写到这边，我这就去买了。

参考文献

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