抽烟的危害,早已人尽皆知[1-2]
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致癌物顺着呼吸道进入身体
伤害遍布全身,更会伤害身边人,简直要命!
2019 年,约有 130 万人死于二手烟[3-4]
世界卫生组织数据库的调查结果显示[5]
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都暴露在二手烟的污染下!
简直无孔不入!!!
马路、工位、电梯、餐厅、高铁站台……
只要有一个人抽烟
烟臭味就会喷薄而出、久久不消散
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碰到二手烟,很多人的第一选择可能是:
立马憋气、捂住口鼻、不敢再呼吸
觉得只要不把有害气体吸入身体里
就能帮自己避开致癌物伤害
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但真相是:
当你闻到烟味的那一刻,致癌有害物质
就已经和鼻腔、口腔、呼吸道黏膜接触了
根本躲不掉
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憋气暂时减少吸入量,却无法阻止有害物吸收
即使只是短暂接触二手烟(几分钟~几小时)
哪怕只是吸入了一点点,都会带来伤害[6]
例如本不吸烟的女性,二手烟会带来
更高的呼吸系统疾病(尤其是肺癌)风险
绝经前患乳腺癌的风险[7]
憋气、捂嘴、戴口罩……都挡不住二手烟!
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不同类型的口罩滤过率、吸附性差异大
即使能过滤掉烟雾中的 PM 2.5
也过滤不掉烟雾中所有的有毒物质[8]
口罩也难以完全密封贴合面部
害人的二手烟总有办法趁虚而入
更可怕的是
二手烟还会变成三手烟
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其中的有毒物质
吸附在衣服、头发、地板、家具等各种物品上
几周到几个月都不会消散
甚至进一步转化成强效致癌的烟草特有亚硝胺[9]
在不经意间经吸入、摄入、皮肤接触进入身体
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连从不接触烟草的婴幼儿,都难逃毒手[10]
婴幼儿呼吸频率更快、皮肤更薄、更喜欢把手放在嘴里
更容易被迫摄入有害、致癌物质
研究发现:
在不接触烟草制品的儿童中
95.2% 的手上都检测到了尼古丁物质残留[11]
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在严格禁烟的新生儿重症监护室
有吸烟者探视后
婴儿尿液中出现了烟草致癌物的代谢产物[12]
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这些有害物质
会直接或间接攻击婴幼儿的生长发育
影响孩子的体格、认知、行为、呼吸系统功能
带来潜在致癌风险……[13-16]
总而言之:
二手烟暴露没有安全水平,
哪怕一点点都会危害健康
屏住呼吸、戴上口罩,都挡不住伤害
想要避免,唯一有效的办法就是
⚠️公共环境中 100% 无烟⚠️
下次碰到二手烟,快跑!
跑得越快、越远越好!
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在公共场所吸烟、散播二手烟,本就不道德
为什么是受害者要「赶紧跑」???
公共场所拒绝二手烟
是我们的权利!
更有法律为我们撑腰!
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碰到在公共场所吸烟的人
我们可以劝阻!可以举报!
勇敢捍卫自己的健康!
公共场所吸烟,是不文明行为
更是影响公共健康的行为
对不文明吸烟行为说不
是维护公共环境和个人健康的合理诉求
新的一年,共同发声
创造无烟公共环境
和丁香一起:让健康更多,让生活更好!
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本文合作专家
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本文审核专家
参考文献
[1]About Secondhand Smoke | Smoking and Tobacco Use | CDC
[2]Secondhand Tobacco Smoke (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) - Cancer-Causing Substances - NCI
[3]https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
[4]Flor LS, Anderson JA, Ahmad N, Aravkin A, Carr S, Dai X, Gil GF, Hay SI, Malloy MJ, McLaughlin SA, Mullany EC, Murray CJL, O'Connell EM, Okereke C, Sorensen RJD, Whisnant J, Zheng P, Gakidou E. Author Correction: Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study. Nat Med. 2024 Apr;30(4):1213. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-02832-y. Erratum for: Nat Med. 2024 Jan;30(1):149-167. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02743-4. PMID: 38291302; PMCID: PMC11031388.
[5]Lee S, Son Y, Hong S, Lee M, Kim H, Lee H, Lee H, Lee H, Park J, Dragioti E, Fond G, Boyer L, López Sánchez GF, Tully MA, Rahmati M, Woo S, Yon DK, Smith L. Global trends of secondhand smoke exposure among young adolescents from 27 countries, 2003-2021: findings from the World Health Organization database. Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 30;14(1):29798.
[6]Barnoya J, Glantz SA. Cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke: nearly as large as smoking. Circulation. 2005 May 24;111(20):2684-98. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.492215. PMID: 15911719.
[7]Greaves LJ, Hemsing NJ. Sex, gender, and secondhand smoke policies: implications for disadvantaged women. Am J Prev Med. 2009 Aug;37(2 Suppl):S131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.05.012. PMID: 19591752.
[8]Guo W, Yu JZ, Chan W. Face Mask as a Versatile Sampling Device for the Assessment of Personal Exposure to 54 Toxic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Chem Res Toxicol. 2023 Jul 17;36(7):1140-1150. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00114. Epub 2023 Jul 5. PMID: 37406339.
[9]Sleiman M, Gundel LA, Pankow JF, Jacob P 3rd, Singer BC, Destaillats H. Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 13;107(15):6576-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0912820107. Epub 2010 Feb 8. PMID: 20142504; PMCID: PMC2872399.
[10]Drehmer JE, Ossip DJ, Nabi-Burza E, Rigotti NA, Hipple B, Woo H, Chang Y, Winickoff JP. Thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents. Pediatrics. 2014 Apr;133(4):e850-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-3392. Epub 2014 Mar 3. PMID: 24590745; PMCID: PMC3966506.
[11]Matt GE, Merianos AL, Quintana PJE, Hoh E, Dodder NG, Mahabee-Gittens EM. Prevalence and Income-Related Disparities in Thirdhand Smoke Exposure to Children. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e2147184. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47184. PMID: 35129597; PMCID: PMC8822372.
[12]Northrup TF, Khan AM, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL, Hoh E, Hovell MF, Matt GE, Stotts AL. Thirdhand smoke contamination in hospital settings: assessing exposure risk for vulnerable paediatric patients. Tob Control. 2016 Nov;25(6):619-623. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052506. Epub 2015 Dec 3. PMID: 26635031; PMCID: PMC4893002.
[13]Yang L, Sato M, Saito-Abe M, Miyaji Y, Sato C, Nishizato M, Kumasaka N, Mezawa H, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Ohya Y. Smoking Exposure Is Associated with Serum Vitamin D Deficiency in Children: Evidence from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Nutrients. 2022 Jul 29;14(15):3121. doi: 10.3390/nu14153121. PMID: 35956297; PMCID: PMC9370804.
[14]Hampl S E, Hassink S G, Skinner A C, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity[J]. Pediatrics, 2023, 151(2).
[15]Oh K, Xu Y, Terrizzi BF, Lanphear B, Chen A, Kalkbrenner AE, Yolton K. Associations Between Early Low-Level Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Executive Function at Age 8 Years. J Pediatr. 2020 Jun;221:174-180.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.11.032. Epub 2020 Jan 16. PMID: 31955878; PMCID: PMC7249348.
[16]Daly JB, Mackenzie LJ, Freund M, Wolfenden L, Roseby R, Wiggers JH. Interventions by Health Care Professionals Who Provide Routine Child Health Care to Reduce Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children: A Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Feb;170(2):138-47. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.3342. PMID: 26719991.
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