FCCP(Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone,AbMole,M9051)是一种经典的线粒体氧化磷酸化解偶联剂,通过破坏线粒体内膜质子梯度抑制ATP合成,同时显著增强耗氧量。其作用机理涉及直接穿透线粒体内膜,转运质子(H⁺)以消除电化学梯度,导致电子传递链(ETC)持续运转但无法生成ATP[1]。研究显示,FCCP可诱导线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm)去极化,并触发钙离子(Ca²+)外流[2]。在细胞模型中,FCCP被广泛用于研究能量代谢与细胞行为的关系。例如,在人骨髓间充质干细胞(hMSCs)中,低浓度(0.1 μM)FCCP(CAS No.:370-86-5)即可显著抑制细胞微运动和伤口愈合迁移能力,表明线粒体能量供应对细胞运动至关重要[3]。FCCP在肿瘤研究中,可通过抑制Rac1/PAK1/LIMK1/cofilin信号轴,削弱U2OS骨肉瘤细胞的骨架动态重塑和迁移能力[4]。此外,FCCP还能通过抑制活性氧(ROS)积累和线粒体磷脂(如心磷脂)过氧化来缓解氧化应激,例如在万古霉素(Vancomycin)诱导的细胞损伤模型中,FCCP可逆转线粒体膜电位崩溃和ROS生成[5]。动物实验中,FCCP常用于探索线粒体功能与组织功能的关联。例如,在大鼠模型中,FCCP通过触发PGAM5蛋白剪切和TFAM(线粒体转录因子A)表达,恢复运动功能。FCCP与葡萄糖代谢抑制剂如2-DG(2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖)联用可激活AMPK并抑制Wnt信号通路,该组合在能量应激研究中被广泛使用[6]。
范例详解
Cell Rep. 2025 May 27;44(5):115744.
四川大学华西医院的科研人员在上述文章中使用了AbMole的FCCP(Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone,AbMole,M9051),实验人员揭示了双酚S(BPS)在肥胖发生发展中的作用机制:BPS暴露会以加剧雌性小鼠的饮食诱导肥胖,其背后机制是BPS通过诱导棕色脂肪组织(BAT)"变白"(whitening)导致产热功能障碍,并导致脂肪累积。FCCP(fluoro carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone,羰基氰化物-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯腙)是一种经典的线粒体解偶联剂,在该研究中发挥了关键的作用:通过FCCP刺激后的OCR变化,可以精准量化BPS暴露对棕色脂肪细胞线粒体功能的损伤程度,直接验证BPS是否通过抑制线粒体功能导致BAT变白。
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BPS exposure leads to the whitening of BAT in female mice
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参考文献及鸣谢
[1] Schiffer, T. A.; Lof, L.; Gallini, R.; et al. Mitochondrial Respiration-Dependent ANT2-UCP2 Interaction. Frontiers in physiology 2022, 13, 866590.
[2] Chang, E. E.; Liu, H.; Choi, Z. Y.; et al. Loss of mitochondrial Ca(2+) response and CaMKII/ERK activation by LRRK2(R1441G) mutation correlate with impaired depolarization-induced mitophagy. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 2024, 22 (1), 485.
[3] Wang, S. H.; Tung, T. H.; Chiu, S. P.; et al. Detecting Effects of Low Levels of FCCP on Stem Cell Micromotion and Wound-Healing Migration by Time-Series Capacitance Measurement. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2021, 21 (9).
[4] Zhang, M.; Chen, L.; Liu, Y.; et al. Sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa fucoidan inhibits osteosarcoma adhesion and migration by regulating cytoskeleton remodeling. Oncology reports 2020, 44 (2), 469-476.
[5] Sakamoto, Y.; Yano, T.; Hanada, Y.; et al. Vancomycin induces reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial cardiolipin peroxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells. European journal of pharmacology 2017, 800, 48-56.
[6] Zhang, W.; Sviripa, V. M.; Kril, L. M.; et al. An Underlying Mechanism of Dual Wnt Inhibition and AMPK Activation: Mitochondrial Uncouplers Masquerading as Wnt Inhibitors. Journal of medicinal chemistry 2019, 62 (24), 11348-11358.
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