欧洲铁路供应商协会呼吁欧盟修订公共采购规则 限制非欧盟企业参与竞标

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欧洲铁路供应商协会近期在其官网发布声明，呼吁欧盟修订公共采购规则，给出改革建议，限制非欧盟企业参与竞标。

以下是该声明主要内容的翻译：

（立场与本号无关，仅供同行决策参考）

欧洲铁路供应商协会(UNIFE)近日呼吁欧盟委员会修订公共采购指令，以解决非欧盟国家企业在欧盟市场与欧盟企业竞标时面临的市场规则不对等问题。

目前，来自非欧盟国家的企业可以参与欧盟公共合同投标，即使这些国家不允许甚至主动阻止欧盟企业在其辖区内参与公共合同投标。UNIFE认为这种做法不公平，也不符合诚信原则，无法创造公平竞争环境。

市场准入持续恶化

《2024年全球铁路市场研究》显示，2021-2023年间欧盟铁路供应商的全球市场准入率已从60%降至59%，主要国家市场壁垒导致欧盟企业每年错失数十亿欧元的市场机遇。

五项改革建议

作为即将到来的公共采购指令审查的一部分，UNIFE向欧盟委员会提出五项建议：

一是阻止来自与欧盟没有公共采购协议的非欧盟国家的投标者参与欧盟公共合同竞标，除非其原籍国为欧盟投标者提供同等的市场准入。

二是确保铁路供应等战略性行业的欧洲优先权，特别是对于使用欧盟资金的项目。

三是结束公共合同"以最低价格为目标"的标准，这可能会损害质量、安全和保障，转而对铁路项目采用强制性的"最经济有利投标"(MEAT)方法。

四是确保未来的指令或法规不再给欧洲投标者带来重大的行政负担，特别是对资源有限的中小企业。

五是考虑一系列其他改革，包括合同的灵活性和改善条款条件，比如"通胀调整"等。

外国补贴法规同步审查

UNIFE还提到，《外国补贴条例》的审查工作也在进行中。虽然承认该工具的威慑作用，但UNIFE呼吁加强规则，以堵住现有漏洞(例如在城市交通领域)。

政策背景

欧盟的公共采购指令制定于2014年，当时的地缘政治背景以及贸易、竞争和市场运作环境与现在完全不同。

欧洲议会今年9月通过了一份关于公共采购政策建议的报告，向欧盟委员会发出信号，表明议会绝大多数支持改革。欧盟委员会将利用今年剩余时间和2026年初进行审查并提出修正案。

UNIFER总干事Enno Wiebe表示："面对来自国外日益激烈的不公平竞争，我们呼吁欧盟委员会为欧盟产业在公共采购方面创造公平竞争环境。这将有助于通过促进'诚信'实践来保护全球贸易和市场的完整性，特别是在受到挑战的时候。"

他还强调："欧洲的未来取决于支持铁路供应等战略性和关键性行业，我们呼吁政策制定者进行这些改革，以保持其竞争力和实力。"欧洲铁路供应行业(包括建设)提供了65万个就业岗位，在创新和质量方面处于世界领先地位，是许多欧盟社区和经济体的核心。

为避免引起歧义，后附英文原文，以原文为准。

原文

Change the rules for non-EU companies bidding on EU public contracts

Europe’sseverely out of date Public Procurement Directivesare up for review, at a time when the European Rail Supply Industry faces increasingly unfair competition from companies in non-EU countries.

Currently, companies in non-EU countries are allowed to bid on EU public contracts,even if that country does not allow and actively prevents EU companies from bidding on public contracts in their jurisdiction.This practice is unfair, not in good faith, and does not allow a level-playing field.

UNIFE Director General Enno Wiebe today called on the European Commission to embrace the opportunity to protect the integrity of global trade and create predictability for industry within the EU by revamping and streamlining rules.

As part of the upcoming Public Procurement Directive review, UNIFE calls on the European Commission to:

• Deter bidders from non-EU countries bidding for public contracts in the EU if their country of origin does not have an agreement on public procurement with the EU, which provides the same market access for EU bidders on public contracts
• Ensure European preference for strategic industries such as rail supply, especially for projects using EU funding
• Ending the ‘aim for lowest price’ criteria for public contracts, which may compromise quality, safety and security, and moving towards a mandatory Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) approach for rail projects
• Ensure future directives or regulations no longer represent a significant bureaucratic burden for European bidders, inparticular for SMEs which have limited resources to address tenders
• Consider a range of other reforms around flexibility and improved terms and conditions in contracts, such as ‘inflation adjustments’

By undertaking these reforms, it would reinforce the idea of fair global trade, which UNIFE continues to defend and support, as it remains central to the success of the European Rail Supply Industry.

Furthermore, the review of the Foreign Subsidies Regulation is also underway. While acknowledging the deterrent effect of the instrument, UNIFE calls for a strengthening of the rules in order to close existing loopholes (e.g. in the urban transport field).

The EU’s Public Procurement directives were established in 2014, when there was a completely different geopolitical context and operation for trade, competition and markets.

According to the 2024 World Rail Market Study, accessibility to global markets for EU rail suppliers on average fell from 60% to 59% for the 2021-2023 period, meaning that now key countries assessed across the world, actively prevent full access to their markets. This represents billions of euros of lost market opportunities every year.

The European Parliament earlier in September adopted a report regarding policy suggestions for Public Procurement, which signalled to the European Commission a large majority of the Parliament supports reforms. The European Commission will use the remaining part of this year and the beginning of 2026 to undertake its review and suggest amendments to the directive.

You can read UNIFE’s full position on the review of Public Procurement Directives here.

Quotes attributable to UNIFE Director General Enno Wiebe

“Against the background of increasing unfair competition from abroad, we call the European Commission to create a level-playing field for EU industry on public procurement. This will help protect the integrity of global trade and markets through promoting ‘good faith’ practices, especially at a time when it is being challenged.”

“Europe’s future depends on backing strategic and critical industries such as rail supply, and we call on policymakers to undertake these reforms to keep it competitive and strong.”

“The European Rail Supply Industry is responsible for 650,000 jobs, including construction, and leads the world in innovation and quality being at the heart of many EU communities and economies.”

素材来源：综合自UNIFE，立场与本号无关，仅供行业交流决策参考。

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