论文丨开发银行与发展性国家战略：基于中国与南非的比较

论文发表

复旦发展研究院金砖国家研究中心侯筱辰博士的论文《The Development Bank and the Developmental State Strategy based on a Comparison of China and South Africa 》（ 开发银行与发展性国家战略：基于中国与南非的比较 ） 发表于国际英文SSCI期刊PS: Political Science & Politics , Volume 58 , Issue 3。感谢复旦-欧洲中国研究中心提供的机会和资助！

摘要

当前国际形势复杂多变，世界经济面临多重风险挑战，南北发展鸿沟持续扩大，使得“全球南方”受到越来越多关注。南方国家具有独特的历史背景和资源特征，难以简单移植西方发展模式，而需探索符合本国国情的发展战略。开发银行作为国家主导资本形成的重要机制，在其中发挥关键作用。

本文旨在探讨作为产业政策工具的开发银行在不同发展型国家模式中的角色与功能，通过对比中国与南非的开发银行实践，分析两国在实施发展型国家战略中的异同。尽管南非在《2030年国家发展计划》中明确提出建设“发展型国家”的目标，但其工业发展公司（IDC）在推动经济增长方面的成效远不及东亚模式。论文通过案例比较，认为政商关系和开放度是影响开发银行效能的关键因素，并为发展中国家提供政策启示。

Abstract（scroll up for more）

At present, the international situation is complex and volatile, with the global economy facing multiple risks and challenges. The North–South development divide is widening, drawing increasing attention to the “Global South.” Given their distinct historical backgrounds and resource characteristics, countries in the Global South cannot simply replicate the development models of developed nations; rather, they must formulate their own development strategies tailored to their specific national conditions. The development models of these countries vary significantly and warrant further exploration.

This article analyzes and explores development banks as tools of industrial policy, highlighting the unique characteristics of the development models in different countries and deriving lessons for developing nations.

Practical experience shows that the development of late-comer countries does not hinge on liberalism or socialism; instead, statism emerges as a more reliable pathway. Statism posits that during the catching-up phase, latecomer countries must mobilize social resources, coordinate market operations, and guide development through government intervention to optimize their efforts toward economic advancement (Geng & Chen 2019). The more backward an economy is, the greater the likelihood that its industrialization will occur under organized guidance, often led by investment banks or state-sponsored bureaucracies (Gerschenkron 1962).

Chalmers Johnson (1982) provided an in-depth analysis of Japan's postwar economic development, emphasizing how the Ministry of International Trade and Industry acted as a governmental department that protected and supported specific industries through various industrial policies. This proactive approach not only fostered the growth of key sectors but also drove the overall development of the Japanese economy, showcasing the crucial role of government in economic advancement. Similarly, other East Asian economies adopted comparable models and achieved remarkable economic growth rates. The concept of the "developmental state" gained considerable attention, as governments developed new mechanisms of control to replace the "invisible hand" of the market. In the postwar era, the developmental state emerged as the primary agent of capital formation, with development banks serving as the primary entity financing such investments.

In its 2012 National Development Plan 2030, the South African government integrated the concept of a "developmental state" into its national growth strategy, formalizing its aspiration to transform South Africa into a "capable and developmental state." This plan envisioned a proactive, interventionist role for the government in promoting growth and development. However, despite undertaking significant political, economic, and social reforms since the dawn of democracy, South Africa has struggled to achieve and sustain the economic growth rates seen in the Asian Tigers. This raises questions and concerns within the academic community regarding South Africa's suitability and capacity to effectively implement a developmental state strategy.

Focusing on development banks as instruments of industrial policy, this article seeks to compare the roles of development banks through case studies and to analyze the primary factors influencing the South African Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) in the context of the country's development banking system.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096524001306

PS: Political Science & Politics , Volume 58 , Issue 3

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