印度强制中车合资如何致班加罗尔地铁黄线陷困境：六度延期 只三列车勉强开通

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8月10日，印度总理莫迪在班加罗尔主持了地铁黄线开通仪式。这条全长19.15公里的线路连接RV路至博马桑德拉，设16座车站，使班加罗尔地铁总里程达到96公里。

然而，黄线开通虽受瞩目，但运营初期面临诸多尴尬：

• • 列车严重短缺：仅3列投入运营

• • 发车间隔过长：高峰时段达25分钟，远高于地铁常规标准

• • 运力严重不足：首日载客量远低于设计能力

• • 市民抱怨： 通勤者表示，这种间隔使地铁开通显得“象征性”大于实用性

值得注意的是，该线路限于困境与印度方面强制中车合资有莫大关系。该线路的车辆供应合同最初于2019年授予中车(CRRC)，但因2020年中印边境对峙后印度禁止中国企业参与投标，迫使中车与印度本土的Titagarh Rail Systems公司合作生产，这导致列车交付和测试出现重大延误，涵盖车辆在内的线路工程总成本也从最初的425.5亿卢比激增至761亿卢比。

下面是印度国会人民院（Lok Sabha）班加罗尔南区议员，兼任印度人民党青年阵线全国主席中当地媒体发表的一篇署名文章，记录了缺车与工程延误情况。

Yellow Line: How persistent interventions unlocked Bengaluru's long-pending corridor

黄线：持续干预如何推动班加罗尔搁置已久的线路开通

By: Tejasvi Surya
作者：特贾斯维·苏里亚

BENGALURU: After half a dozen missed deadlines, Namma Metro's all-important Yellow Line will finally be thrown open to the public on Aug 10 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This marks an important day for Bengaluru, particularly the southern part of the city, as the 19.15-km RV Road-Bommasandra line is a crucial link between Bengaluru's IT-BT hub and its residential heartlands. The Yellow Line will ease commutes from Basavanagudi to Electronics City, cutting travel time and reducing private vehicle usage. While we celebrate this win for mass transit, there are some important lessons that BMRCL, policy makers and the public can draw from the Yellow Line saga.

历经六次延期后，班加罗尔地铁关键性的黄线于8月10日由纳伦德拉·莫迪总理正式开通运营。这条19.15公里的RV路-博马桑德拉线作为连接班加罗尔IT-BT产业核心区与居住区的重要通道，对该市尤其是南部地区具有里程碑意义。黄线开通后将显著改善巴萨瓦纳吉里至电子城的通勤条件，缩短行程时间并降低私家车使用率。在庆祝轨道交通这一胜利的同时，班加罗尔地铁公司（BMRCL）、决策部门及公众均可从黄线建设历程中汲取重要经验。

A promising start, then years of delay
开局良好却历经多年延误

The civil works began in 2018 with an original completion target of 2021, but initial setbacks in land acquisition caused early delays. The Covid-19 pandemic further slowed progress in completing the construction, and geopolitical tensions between India and China after the Galwan clash presented new challenges to production and delivery of train sets. I held inspections to assess the situation even in early 2022, which revealed multiple bottlenecks. By 2023, it had become clear that there was a serious lack of coordination between stakeholders, and the absence of a full-time managing director at BMRCL only worsened the problem. That was when I started a campaign to get a full-time MD appointed. After about three months of efforts at both state and central levels, we got full-time leadership for Namma Metro.
土建工程于2018年启动，原定2021年完工，但征地初期的挫折导致早期延误。新冠疫情进一步拖慢施工进度，而加勒万冲突后的中印地缘政治紧张局势又给列车的生产交付带来新挑战。2022年初我开展实地考察时，便发现多重瓶颈问题。至2023年，各方协调严重不足的问题已十分突出，而班加罗尔地铁公司（BMRCL）长期缺乏专职董事总经理更使情况恶化。为此我发起专项行动，经过三个月中央与地方层面的协调，最终为班加罗尔地铁落实了专职领导层。

Bridging the gaps
突破关键瓶颈

Originally, rolling stock for the Yellow Line was to be supplied by CRRC Nanjing (China). But later, it was decided to manufacture them in India with a local partner. Finally, Kolkata-based Titagarh Rail Systems Ltd and CRRC put up a factory to manufacture the trains. However, they were plagued with multiple issues, including non-delivery of TCMS (Train Control and Management System) by MELCO which was months behind the schedule. Looking to iron out these issues, I convened multiple meetings with CRRC, Titagarh and BMRCL, where we pushed CRRC to provide two prototype trains by Jan 2024 — three months ahead of what was initially committed.
黄线地铁车辆原计划由中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司提供，后调整为与印度本土合作伙伴联合生产。最终蒂塔加尔轨道系统有限公司与中车在加尔各答共建车辆制造厂。但项目仍面临列车控制管理系统（TCMS）延期交付等多重问题——日本三菱电机的供货较计划延迟数月。为此我多次召集中车、蒂塔加尔与BMRCL的协调会议，最终推动中车于2024年1月交付两列原型车，较原承诺提前三个月。

Exploring the diplomatic front
外交协调破局

Another major bottleneck was obtaining the visa clearances for the engineers from CRRC Nanjing as was securing customs clearances from Kolkata port for rolling stock from CRRC. This was fast-tracked by holding multiple meetings with ministers and officials of Union home ministry, external affairs, finance ministry and Indian Consulate in Shanghai. Finally, we had three train sets with us and safety audits began this year.
另一关键瓶颈是中车南京浦镇公司工程师的签证审批及加尔各答港的车辆清关。通过密集协调印度内政部、外交部、财政部官员及驻上海总领馆，最终加速完成三列车的入境，并于今年启动安全认证程序。

Pushing further
持续督导推进

With the CMRS approval completed on July 30 for the line, I made an appointment with the Prime Minister on July 31. The PM stressed that the project inauguration must not be delayed any further and gave an immediate date for the inauguration of the programme in Bengaluru.
在7月30日获得印度轨道交通安全专委会（CMRS）批复后，我于次日与总理会晤。总理明确要求项目必须按期开通，并当场敲定了班加罗尔开通仪式的具体日期。

(The author is a Member of Parliament, representing Bangalore South in the Lok Sabha. He is also the National President of the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha)

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