文质彬彬·每日好词语｜睹物兴情

文字/樊未晨 康璐瑶（实习生） 刘璇（实习生） 制图/张玉佳

　　目睹自然事物或景观而兴发出某种感情。包括两种情形：主动观物以排遣情绪，或为自己的情绪寻找客观对应物；被动见物而生发情感，近似“触兴致情”。“触兴致情”侧重说明外物对于主体所具的兴情作用——作者本来没有某种情感，或者将某种情感深深蕴于心中，只是偶然遇到外物而被触动；“睹物兴情”侧重说明作者热爱自然的态度、主动寄意于自然的热情。“触兴致情”之所“触”不限于自然物象，文艺作品作为阅读对象，也具有“兴”的功能；而“睹物兴情”之所“睹”则主要指自然事物与景观。

　　Be Moved at the Sight of Natural Objects

　　See natural things or landscapes and feel a certain emotion - this can happen in two kinds of situations: one when seeking to relieve emotions by fixing one's gaze on an object, or looking for objective counterparts for one's existing emotions; the other when passively seeing things which arouse one's emotions. In the second sense it is akin to the concept "draw inspiration from external objects," where natural objects or other things inspire creative interest and emotion. It is mainly about the emotional effect of external objects on the subject when, in the absence of certain emotions or with other emotions deeply embedded in the heart, an author is touched by accidental encounters with external objects. The concept "be moved at the sight of natural objects" is mainly about the author's love for nature. With the concept "draw inspiration from external objects," what inspires creative interest and emotion is not limited to natural objects. For example, literary and artistic works can inspire similar interest and emotion. However, the concept "be moved at the sight of natural objects" is primarily used in reference to natural objects or landscapes.

　　引例1：原夫登高之旨，盖睹物兴情。情以物兴，故义必明雅；物以情观，故词必巧丽。（刘勰《文心雕龙·诠赋》）（推究登高而赋的原因，乃是为了让自然景物兴发心中的情思。既然情思是由外物兴发，那么作品内涵就一定明晰而雅正；既然外物是依附主观情思来呈现，那么文辞一定巧妙华美。）

　　Writing while one looks down from a great height is meant to ensure natural scenery inspires the mind. Since thoughts are inspired by external objects, the connotation of the works should be clear and elegant. And since external objects are presented through subjective thoughts, the writings will be clever and beautiful.(Liu Xie:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons)

　　引例2：炎凉始贸，触兴自高；睹物兴情，更向篇什。（萧统《答晋安王书》）（天气冷热开始变化，万物触发文人情致的几率自然很高；观赏景物而兴起情感，就会产生诗歌作品。）

　　When the weather starts to change, the chance of nature's objects inspiring the emotions is naturally high; and when moved by the scenery, the literati naturally respond with poems. (Xiao Tong: A Reply Letter to Xiao Gang, Prince Jin'an)

来源：中国青年报