《石油机械》：石油机械技术研究双语文章推荐

在油气勘探开发领域，随着行业向复杂油气资源领域不断拓展，钻井技术与装备面临着诸多全新的挑战。地层压力层系的变化愈发复杂，溢流等钻井高危风险的及时准确预警变得至关重要，这直接关系到钻井作业的安全性与高效性。同时，旋转导向系统中供电稳定性问题，以及小井眼钻井中钻井液脉冲器的性能优化等，都是制约行业发展的关键技术难题。此外，往复压缩机作为重要设备，其在线诊断因数据不可预知性导致适应性差的问题也亟待解决。这些技术瓶颈的突破，对于推动油气工业的智能化、高效化发展具有重要意义。

本期精选文章聚焦这些前沿技术领域，深入探讨相关解决方案，为行业发展提供有力的技术支撑。

精选文章·Selected Articles

01

随钻装备的有源前端整流器仿真与试验研究

Simulation and Experimental Study on Active Front-End Rectifier of Rotary Steering System

【摘要】为解决旋转导向系统中无源二极管整流器导致交流端电流谐波大、直流总线电压缺乏可控性，以及功率因数偏低的问题，提出应用于旋转导向系统的有源前端整流器方案。通过对旋转导向系统中发电整流模块的电压稳定性、电磁兼容性及功率管理的分析研究，构建了有源前端整流器仿真模型，并对其在空载到满载及动态载荷变化下的性能进行仿真；实现了有源前端整流器的系统设计，并在实验室内搭建了系统测试平台。测试结果表明：发电机端电流谐波得到有效抑制，电流波形呈现高保真正弦特性，电流总谐波失真系数THD小于5%;直流总线电压精准控制在400 V;稳态下，直流总线电压展现零静态误差特性，系统功率因数大于0.9,确保高效率运行，各项参数符合设计指标。该有源前端整流器解决了旋转导向供电系统中由于非线性元件影响系统稳定性和效率的问题，提升了发电利用率，使旋转导向系统运行更加高效。

【Abstract】Passive diode rectifiers in rotary steering systems are deficient for high AC current harmonics, lack of controllability of DC bus voltage, and low power factor. This paper presents an active front-end rectifier scheme for rotary steering systems. By analyzing the voltage stability, electromagnetic compatibility and power management of the power generation rectifier module in the rotary steering system, a simulation model of the active front-end rectifier was built, and its performance under the conditions of no-load to full load and dynamic load was simulated. Moreover, a system design of the active front-end rectifier was completed, and a system test platform was constructed in the laboratory. The test results show that the current harmonics at the generator end is effectively suppressed, the current waveform exhibits high fidelity sine characteristics, and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current is less than 5%. The DC bus voltage is precisely controlled at 400 V. In steady state, the DC bus voltage exhibits zero static error characteristics, and the system power factor is greater than 0.9, ensuring efficient operation. All parameters meet the design indexes. The proposed active front-end rectifier solves the problems of system stability and efficiency affected by nonlinear components in the rotary steering power supply system, improves power generation utilization, and makes the operation of the rotary steering system more efficient.

02

压力与规则双约束下的溢流智能预警模型

Intelligent Warning Model for Overflow Under Constraints of Pressure and Rules

【摘要】随着油气勘探开发向复杂油气资源领域拓展，地层压力层系变化更为复杂。溢流作为钻井高危风险之一，对其进行及时准确预警愈发重要。分析了正常工况与溢流下的表征参数，以逻辑规则构建工况识别模型，实现钻进、起下钻等8种工况的实时分析，从而减少钻井工况对溢流分析的影响。通过特征工程构建数据库，分析数据有效性，利用神经网络形成溢流智能预警模型。利用小波分析诊断溢流波动，结合传统溢流诊断规则，实现压力信号与规则双约束下的溢流智能预警方法，进一步提高模型准确率与泛化能力。通过南海溢流数据与四川盆地实时钻井数据对模型验证，结果表明，受约束后溢流预警模型相较于传统诊断方法可有效提前警报，相较于单一智能模型可有效降低虚警，模型最终准确率为95.28%。该模型有望辅助实现安全高效钻井作业，为智能化钻井提供基础。

【Abstract】As oil and gas exploration and development extend towards complex reservoirs, the changes in formation pressure are more complicated. Overflow is one of the high risks in drilling, and conducting timely and accurate warning of it is becoming increasingly important. In the paper, first, the characterization parameters under normal working conditions and overflow were analyzed, and a working condition identification model was built based on logic rules, achieving real-time analysis of 8 working conditions such as drilling and tripping, thereby reducing the influence of drilling conditions on overflow analysis. Second, a database was constructed based on feature engineering to analyze data validity, and the neural network technique was used to build an intelligent warning model of overflow. Third, the wavelet analysis was used to diagnose overflow fluctuations, and combined with traditional overflow diagnosis rules, an intelligent warning method for overflow under constraints of pressure signals and rules was proposed to further improve the accuracy and generalization ability of the model. Finally, the model was verified using the overflow data of the South China Sea and the real-time drilling data of the Sichuan Basin. The results show that the constrained overflow warning model can effectively provide early warnings compared to traditional methods, and can effectively reduce false alarms compared to a single intelligent model. The final accuracy of the model is 95.28%. This model is expected to assist in achieving safe and efficient drilling operations, and provides a foundation for intelligent drilling.

03

小井眼钻井液脉冲器工作性能分析及参数优化

Performance Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Slim Hole Mud Pulser

【摘要】连续波钻井液脉冲器是随钻测量仪器(MWD)中以强脉冲形式向地面传输数据的关键部件。为满足老井开窗侧钻作业要求，必须解决小尺寸空间下钻井液脉冲器的结构设计、水力冲蚀和信号强度问题。根据实际小井眼尺寸、悬挂钻铤及匹配MWD仪器结构尺寸，确定了小尺寸钻井液脉冲器上悬挂挂接方案及脉冲信号产生方式(连续波),完成了连续波脉冲器的结构方案及关键部件(旋转阀)的设计；以实际脉冲器设计案例(设计参数)为研究对象，并根据实际工况，采用CFD方法对脉冲器(旋转阀)的耐冲蚀性能与脉冲(钻井液压力幅值)产生能力进行了分析；通过响应曲面方法对该脉冲器案例进行了多目标参数优化。研究结果表明：设计研发的小井眼钻井液脉冲器能够满足实钻要求，且优化后脉冲器的最大冲蚀速率降低了7.41%,脉冲信号强度提高了16.24%,工作性能明显提升。设计分析及优化结果可为其在实际设计开发和应用中提供依据。

【Abstract】As a key part in the measurement while drilling (MWD) tool, the continuous wave mud pulser transmits data to the ground through strong pulses. Considering the requirements of sidetracking in old wells, it is necessary to carefully deal with the structural design, hydraulic erosion and signal strength of mud pulser in small-sized spaces. In this paper, the hanging scheme and pulse signal generation method (for continuous wave) of the small-sized mud pulser were determined depending on the actual slim hole size, hanging drill collar and matching MWD tool structure size, and the structural scheme and key part (rotary valve) design of the continuous wave pulser were completed. Then, taking an actual pulser design case (design parameters) as an example, and considering the working conditions, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to analyze the erosion resistance and pulse (mud pressure amplitude) generation capacity of the pulser (rotary valve). Finally, the response surface method was used to conduct multi-objective parameter optimization on the pulser case. The research results show that the developed slim hole mud pulser meets the requirements of actual drilling, and the optimized pulser exhibits significantly improved performance, with the maximum erosion rate reduced by 7.41% and the pulse signal strength enhanced by 16.24%. The design analysis and optimization research results are referential for the practical design, development and application of the slim hole mud pulser.

04

多源领域自适应的往复压缩机在线诊断方法

Online Diagnosis Method for Reciprocating Compressor Based on Multi-Source Domain Adaptation

【摘要】在线数据的不可预知性导致往复压缩机目前的诊断方法在实际应用中的适应性较差。为此，提出了一种多源领域自适应的往复压缩机在线诊断方法。该方法通过多源领域自适应学习，利用多个源域建立预训练诊断模型并保存模型参数。通过在线迁移学习，将多个源域共享的模型参数迁移至目标域，并在训练过程中执行在线学习任务，通过线上反馈的数据调整诊断模型。诊断模型在保留已学到知识的基础上，可在线处理目标域新增数据，能成功应对数据的不可预知性，提高了该诊断方法在实际应用中的适应性。试验结果表明，在源域数量为3时，所提方法在2个场景下在线迁移学习诊断效果较好，平均准确率达到90%以上。研究结论可为往复压缩机在线诊断提供新思路。

【Abstract】The unpredictability of online data leads to poor adaptability of existing diagnosis methods for reciprocating compressors in practical application. This paper presents an online diagnosis method for reciprocating compressor based on multi-source domain adaptation. By means of multi-source domain adaptation learning, this method uses multiple source domains to build a pre-trained diagnosis model and save model parameters. Through online transfer learning, the model parameters shared by multiple source domains are transferred to the target domain, and online learning tasks are executed during the training process. Then, the diagnosis model is adjusted using the online feedback data. The diagnosis model processes new data in the target domain online while retaining the learnt knowledge, and can effectively deal with the unpredictability of the data, making the method more adaptable in practical applications. The test results show that, given 3 source domains, the proposed method is well performed in online transfer learning diagnosis in two scenarios, with an average accuracy of over 90%. The research conclusions provide new ideas for online diagnosis of reciprocating compressors.

期刊推荐·Recommend Journal

《石油机械》创刊于1973 年，是中国石油天然气集团有限公司主管、中石油江汉机械研究所有限公司主办的石油工程类学术期刊。刊物以 “为国内油田的经济建设服务，为石油装备科技发展服务，为石油装备的使用与管理服务”为办刊宗旨，主要报道石油天然气工程装备领域最新科技进展，石油天然气领域新装备、新工艺、新材料及新方法等的研究与应用，以及人工智能赋能油气装备技术、油气新能源发展的最新进展等。刊物发行要盖了中国国内各大油气田、相关研究院所和制造企业、石油工程管理部门以及石油高校，并有部分海外发行。

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