论文翻译“避坑”指南：这些常见错误你一定要知道！

在当今全球化的学术浪潮中，论文翻译已然成为学术交流不可或缺的重要环节。对于许多科研工作者而言，将自己的研究成果以英文形式呈现给国际学术界，是提升学术影响力、促进知识传播的关键一步。然而，论文翻译并非简单的语言转换，它涉及专业知识的精准传达、学术规范的遵循以及文化差异的妥善处理，稍不注意就容易出现各种问题，可能就会让你的学术成果 “变味”。今天，就让我们一起来盘点下论文翻译中常见的那些“坑”，快对照自查！

论文翻译常见问题

PS：列举的案例仅作交流学习之用，如有偏颇，欢迎大家批评指正。

一、术语错误

【例】

中文：采用生物信息学方法探索与头颈鳞状细胞癌组织中铁死亡相关的基因，并探讨其与免疫细胞浸润及患者预后的相关性。

译文：This study explored the iron death-related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues with the help of bioinformatics and investigated their correlation with immune cell infiltration and patient prognosis.

修改：This study explored the ferroptosis-related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues with the help of bioinformatics and investigated their correlation with immune cell infiltration and patient prognosis.

分析：查证可知，铁死亡的英文表达为ferroptosis。

二、前后用词不一致

【例】

中文：按照1:1的比例将冠状动脉慢血流患者随机分为观察组和对照组……治疗后与对照组比较，观察组患者IL-1α、IL-1β和IL-6均得到下降。

译文：Patients with coronary slow flow were randomly divided into a test group and a control group at a ratio of 1:1… Compared with the control group, the observation group showed decreased levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 after treatment.

修改：Patients with coronary slow flow were randomly divided into a test group and a control group at a ratio of 1:1… Compared with the control group, the test group showed decreased levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 after treatment.

分析：通过第一句可知，此研究分为两组，test group 和 control group。译文中第二句的用词observation group与test group不统一。

三、词性误用

【例】

中文：磷是植物生长发育不可缺少的营养元素之一。

译文：Phosphorous is one of indispensable nutrient elements for growth and development of plants.

修改：Phosphorus is one of indispensable nutrient elements for growth and development of plants.

分析：两者虽拼写极其相似，但词性不同。phosphorous为形容词，含义为磷的、含磷的；phosphorus为名词，含义为磷。

四、搭配不当

【例】

中文：抑郁症是当今社会一种高发的、高经济负担的慢性精神类疾病。

译文：In today’s society, depression is a kind of highly prevalent chronic mental illness, which leads to an expensive economic burden.

修改：In today’s society, depression is a kind of highly prevalent chronic mental illness, which leads to a heavy economic burden.

分析：形容经济负担高，更好的搭配是 a heavy economic burden。

五、单复数问题

【例】

中文：在此背景下，本文认为超大特大城市的城市更新应该注重城市核心区的集聚效应和韧性效应。

译文：In this context, this article argues that the urban renewal of mega-cities should focus on the agglomeration and resilience effect of the core areas.

修改：In this context, this article argues that the urban renewal of mega-cities should focus on the agglomeration and resilience effects of the core areas.

分析：集聚效应和韧性效应为两种效应，若两者合在一起写，需在effect后面加s。

六、缩写问题

【例】

中文：该城市的产业振兴依赖于TOD开发以及对未利用空间的激活。

译文：The industrial revitalization of the city relies on TOD development and activation of underutilized spaces.

修改：The industrial revitalization of the city relies on transit-oriented development (TOD) and activation of underutilized spaces.

分析：TOD是指以公共交通为导向的开发，英文为transit-oriented development。缩写中的D指代development，译文中的表达属于用词重复。

七、表达冗余

【例】

中文：加快构建绿色产业链价值链是培育发展绿色新质生产力的内在要求。

译文：Building the green industrial chain and value chain is the inherent requirement for fostering and developing green and new quality productive forces.

修改：Building the green industrial chain and value chain is the inherent requirement for fostering green and new quality productive forces.

分析：原译文中fostering和developing的表述意思重复，造成译文冗余，删除其中一处译文更加简洁明了。

八、中式英语直译

【例】

中文：破解这些问题和隐忧，推动ESG朝着纵深方向发展，必然要求对ESG的认识进行正本清源，科学界定和深入解构ESG。

译文：To solve these problems and promote the development of ESG in the direction of the vertical and deep direction, it is necessary to correct the understanding of ESG and scientifically define and deeply deconstruct ESG。

修改：To solve these problems and promote the development of ESG, it is necessary to correct the understanding of ESG and scientifically define and deeply deconstruct ESG.

分析：原译受到中文影响，过于直译，“推动ESG朝着纵深方向发展”实际上就是指的推动ESG的发展，改译后更加简洁明了。

【例】

中文：甄别完全成本保险试点是否能激励粮食生产并探究其作用机制，对于进一步推广完全成本保险、细化该保险领域的制度设计、助力农业生产提升抗风险能力和保障中国粮食安全具有重大现实意义。

译文：Identifying whether the pilot program of full-cost insurance can stimulate food production and exploring its mechanism is of practical significance for further promoting full-cost insurance, improving the institutional design of this insurance field,helping agricultural production to improve anti-riskability, and ensuring China’s food security.

修改：Identifying whether the pilot program of full-cost insurance can stimulate food production and exploring its mechanism is of practical significance for further promoting full-cost insurance, improving the institutional design of this insurance field, enhancing the anti-risk ability of agricultural production, and ensuring China’s food security.

分析：原文“助力农业生产提升抗风险能力”就是指提升农业生产抗风险能力，原译文过于字对字直译，改译对译文结构进行了适当调整。

别让翻译问题成为学术之路的绊脚石！

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