【AI绿视界】护水者周报（5.12）

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本周周报（2025年5月12日）

保护行动动态

洪堡护水者（美国加利福尼亚州）已开始对洪堡湾周围的暴雨径流进行采样，以确定污染热点区域。他们特别在寻找 6PPD 的存在，6PPD 是一种添加到轮胎和其他橡胶制品中以防止磨损和风化的抗降解化学物质。当它分解时，会形成 6PPD 醌，这是一种对水生生物剧毒的化合物。2024 年 6 月，美国环境保护署发布了关于 6PPD 醌的非强制性筛查标准。各州和部落可以在其水质保护项目中使用这些标准，以保护那些受这些化学物质影响极大的鱼类物种。此外，加利福尼亚州有毒物质控制部门也在努力开发 6PPD 的替代品。在一项相关行动中，加利福尼亚海岸护水者（美国加利福尼亚州）呼吁州水资源委员会采取预防措施，阻止 6PPD 从道路流入溪流。

洛杉矶护水者（美国加利福尼亚州）和十几个倡导团体就市长凯伦・巴斯提出的撤销气候紧急动员办公室（CEMO）的提案，向市议会的预算和财务委员会撰写了一篇专栏文章。为了解决该市 10 亿美元的预算缺口，巴斯建议牺牲气候紧急动员办公室，并缩减石油和天然气办公室的规模，这将为该市节省约 95 万美元。《洛杉矶时报》认为这一计划目光极为短浅，并警告称这可能会导致失去一笔 75 万美元的州政府拨款。许多人认为，巴斯低估了极端高温的危害，尽管数据显示，在过去 25 年里，热浪已导致超过 2.15 万名居民死亡。顾问们鼓励市议会议员拒绝这一提案。

哈得孙河护水者（美国纽约州）呼吁纽约市和州官员采取切实行动，阻止 20 亿加仑未经处理的污水和受污染的暴雨径流排入哈莱姆河。纽约州环境保护部起草了一项提案，旨在更新和改善水质评级，以提升纽约市的水质。然而，护水者认为，这一拟议措施会让哈莱姆河的污染无限期地持续下去。尽管每年有超过 210 亿加仑的未经处理的污水和受污染的径流流入该河，但纽约的水质标准目前仍将保持不变。针对这一问题，护水者撰写了一封题为 “不要放弃哈莱姆河” 的信件，倡导加强保护措施。

阳光海岸护水者（美国加利福尼亚州）对海洋时代公司计划在墨西哥湾建立一个水产养殖设施表示担忧。该公司总部位于夏威夷的凯卢阿 - 科纳，目标是成为首个在该地区开展水产养殖业务的公司，具体计划是在萨拉索塔以西约 40 英里处建造一个养鱼围栏。这个设施的一个主要组成部分是一个可容纳 4000 条鱼的养殖网箱。海洋时代公司使用大豆浓缩蛋白来减轻对环境的影响，因为大多数在野外捕获的鱼通常会成为其他鱼类的食物。然而，环保人士认为，水产养殖对墨西哥湾构成严重风险，包括可能出现的 “鱼群逃逸” 情况，逃逸的鱼可能会传播疾病。阳光海岸护水者和塞拉俱乐部已对该公司采取法律行动，导致一名法官阻止了其在全国范围内的许可。现在，该公司必须申请个别许可，且每个许可都需要进行全面的现场检查。如果成功，该公司打算大幅扩大其在墨西哥湾的业务，这可能会进一步提高其知名度。

上波托马克河护水者（美国马里兰州）从马里兰州环境部（MDE）获取的检测数据显示，在马里兰州 22 个有通往弗吉尼亚州农田途径的废水处理厂中，除了一个之外，其余的生物固体中都存在全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）。每年，数十万吨生物固体被用作弗吉尼亚州农场的肥料。今年早些时候，美国环境保护署发布了一份风险评估草案，警告称含有低至十亿分之一的某些全氟和多氟烷基物质化合物的污水污泥可能会对食用附近农作物、牲畜或井水的人们构成健康风险。马里兰州是少数几个采取措施监管生物固体中全氟和多氟烷基物质的州之一。2023 年，马里兰州环境部暂停了在检测到全氟和多氟烷基物质的土地上进行土地施用的新许可。值得注意的是，在对其生物固体进行检测的马里兰州废水处理厂中，除了一个之外，其他厂报告的全氟和多氟烷基物质含量都很低。

MAY 12, 2025

NEWS FROM THE MOVEMENT

Humboldt Waterkeeper (California, U.S.) has begun sampling stormwater runoff around Humboldt Bay to identify pollution hot spots. They are specifically looking for the presence of 6PPD, an anti-degradation chemical added to tires and other rubber products to prevent wear and weathering. When it breaks down, it forms 6PPD-quinone, a compound that is highly toxic to aquatic life. In June 2024, U.S. EPA released non-binding screening levels for 6PPD-q. States and tribes can use these levels in their water quality protection programs to safeguard fish species that are greatly affected by these chemicals. In addition, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control is also working on developing alternatives to 6PPD. In a related effort, California Coastkeeper Alliance (California, U.S.) has called on the State Water Resources Board to implement preventative measures to stop 6PPD from running off roads and into streams.

Los Angeles Waterkeeper (California, U.S.) and a dozen advocacy groups wrote an op-ed to the City Council's Budget and Finance Committee regarding Mayor Karen Bass's proposal to eliminate the Climate Emergency Mobilization Office (CEMO). To address the city's $1 billion budget shortfall, Bass suggests the sacrifice of CEMO and a downsizing of the Office of Petroleum and Natural Gas, saving the city approximately $950,000. The Los Angeles Times has characterized this plan as extremely short-sighted, warning that it could lead to forfeiting a $750,000 state grant. Many believe that Bass is underestimating the dangers of extreme heat, even though data shows that heat waves caused the deaths of more than 21,500 residents over the past quarter-century. Advisors are encouraging City Council members to reject this proposal.

Hudson Riverkeeper (New York, U.S.) is calling on New York City and state officials to take meaningful action to stop discharges of two billion gallons of untreated sewage and polluted stormwater into the Harlem River. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation has drafted a proposal to update and improve water quality ratings to enhance water quality in New York City. However, Riverkeeper believes that this proposed measure would allow the pollution in the Harlem River to continue indefinitely. Despite more than 21 billion gallons of raw sewage and contaminated runoff entering the river each year, New York’s water quality standards will remain unchanged for now. In response to this issue, Riverkeeper has created a letter titled “Don’t Give Up on the Harlem River” to advocate for better protections.

Suncoast Waterkeeper (California, U.S.) is concerned about Ocean Era's plan to establish an aquaculture facility in the Gulf of Mexico. Based in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, the company aims to be the first to build an aquaculture operation in the region, specifically building a fish pen located approximately 40 miles west of Sarasota. A major component of this facility would be an aquapod designed to hold 4,000 fish. Ocean Era uses a soy protein concentrate to lessen the environmental impact, as most fish caught in the wild typically end up as food for other fish. However, environmentalists argue that aquaculture poses serious risks to the Gulf, including the potential for "fish spills," where escaped fish could spread disease. Suncoast Waterkeeper and the Sierra Club have taken legal action against the company, resulting in a judge blocking its nationwide permit. Instead, it must now apply for individual permits, each requiring a thorough site inspection. If successful, the company intends to significantly expand its operations in the Gulf, potentially raising its profile even further.

Upper Potomac Riverkeeper (Maryland, U.S.) has obtained testing data from the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) that revealed the presence of PFAS in biosolids at all but one of the twenty-two Maryland wastewater treatment plants that have access to Virginia farmland. Each year, hundreds of thousands of tons of biosolids are applied as fertilizer on farms in Virginia. Earlier this year, U.S. EPA released a draft risk assessment warning that sewage sludge containing as little as one part per billion of certain PFAS compounds could pose health risks to people consuming nearby crops, livestock, or well water. Maryland is among the few states taking steps to regulate PFAS in biosolids. In 2023, MDE issued a moratorium on new permits for land application where PFAS have been detected. Notably, all but one Maryland wastewater treatment plant that tested their biosolids reported low PFAS levels.

本文来自Waterkeeper Alliance，不代表绿色浙江立场

本文中文版由AI工具翻译，如有错误，敬请留言

编辑：陈林孝

初审：姚沁田

二审：朱紫伊

终审：董　舒