特朗普废除“出生公民权”的行政令，在全美被叫停

美国马里兰州联邦地区法院法官德博拉·博德曼5日作出裁决，阻止美国总统特朗普此前发布的废除“出生公民权”（birthright citizenship）行政令生效。

A federal judge in Maryland on Wednesday blocked US President Trump's executive order to end citizenship for children born on US soil to parents in the country without legal status.

图源：外媒

博德曼当天在马里兰州格林贝尔特举行的一场听证会后作出上述裁决。她说，特朗普废除“出生公民权”与美国“基于出生的公民权历史”背道而驰，且可能违反1898年最高法院对此问题的裁决。

The order "conflicts with the plain language of the 14th Amendment, contradicts 125-year-old binding Supreme Court precedent and runs counter to our nation's 250-year history of citizenship by birth," US District Judge Deborah Boardman said during a hearing on Wednesday.

博德曼发布的这项禁令在全国范围内适用，将在相关案件审理期间持续有效。

特朗普1月20日上任首日签署废除“出生公民权”行政令，立刻引发舆论哗然，并在美国多地遭遇法律挑战。目前针对特朗普废除“出生公民权”行政令已有9项法律诉讼。

博德曼是第二个叫停特朗普废除“出生公民权”行政令的美国联邦法官。1月23日，华盛顿州西区联邦地区法院法官约翰·科夫努尔对特朗普废除“出生公民权”行政令发布了临时限制令，禁令有效期14天。

The nationwide preliminary injunction by Boardman further expands a ruling two weeks ago by another federal court in Seattle that blocked the president's order for 14 days.

“出生公民权”政策在美国已有100多年历史，保证在美国出生的所有人都享有公民身份，无论其父母身份如何。这意味着，哪怕是持有旅游、工作或其他签证的在美人员甚至是非法入境者，他们的孩子只要在美国出生就可以成为美国公民。

Under the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."

美国宪法第十四条修正案中对“出生公民权”作出了规定，但特朗普政府对修正案的解释提出异议。特朗普废除“出生公民权”行政令称，美国官方将不再承认两类人的美国公民身份：其一，在此人出生时，其母在美非法居留、其父不是美国公民或合法永久居民；其二，在此人出生时，其母在美合法临时居留、其父不是美国公民或合法永久居民。

Signed by Trump on Jan 20, the order said that the federal government will not "issue documents recognizing United States citizenship" to any children born on American soil to parents who were in the country unlawfully or were in the states lawfully but temporarily.

来源：新华社 CNN NPR