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上期划线句答案

“The resultmight bethat legitimate companies that could be producing high-quality goods depicting iconic Italian works of artwill turninstead to non-Italian objects,” Ms. Johnson said, noting that such a shift might reduce that influence of Italian culture globally while illegal counterfeit goods continue to be made cheaply with images deemed unlawful by the Italian courts.

“结果可能是，本可以合法生产绘有标志性意大利艺术作品的高品质商品的公司，转而生产非意大利商品。”约翰逊女士指出，这种转变可能会减少意大利文化在全球的影响力，同时，印有被意大利法院认定为非法印制图像的违法假冒商品持续以低廉的价格生产。

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本期内容

双语阅读

Para.1

The world is full of people like Uttal — and their opposites, thefolkswho always seem to know exactly where they are and how to get where they want to go. Scientists sometimes measure navigational ability by asking someone topoint towardan out-of-sight location — or, more challenging, to imagine they are someplace else and point in the direction of a third location — and it's immediately obvious that some people are better at it than others.

世界上有很多像尤塔尔这样的人，还有一些与他相反的，那些似乎永远总是准确知道自己在何处以及如何达到目的地的人。科学家们有时会通过让受试者指一个看不到的位置的方向来检测他们的导航能力，或者更具挑战性的任务是，要求他们想象自己身处另一个地方，然后指明第三个地址的方向，这立刻就能看出，有些人在这方面比其他人更强。

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1.folk

/fəʊk/

n. 人们; 家人，双亲; 民间音乐; 诸位，大伙儿

adj. 民俗的，传统的; 流传民间的，普通百姓的

2.point toward指向；指示

点击此处查看词汇词组

Para.2

The importance of a person’s environment isunderscoredby a recent look at the role of genetics in navigation. In 2020, Margherita Malanchini, a developmental psychologist at Queen Mary University of London, and her colleagues compared the performance of more than 2,600 identical and nonidentical twins as they navigated through a virtual environment, to test whether navigational ability runs in families. It does, they found — but only modestly. Instead, the biggest contributor to people’s performance was what geneticists call the “nonshared environment” — that is, the unique experiences each person accumulates as their lifeunfolds. Good navigators, it appears, are mostly made, not born.

最近有人研究了基因在导航中的作用，着重强调了个人所处环境的重要性。2020年，伦敦玛丽女王大学的发展心理学家玛格丽塔·马兰基尼和她的团队比较了2600多对同卵和异卵双胞胎在虚拟环境中的导航表现，来测试他们的导航能力是否与遗传有关。他们发现确实存在关联，但是关联程度很小。相反，对人们表现影响最大的是遗传学家所称的“非共享环境”——也就是每个人在生活中积累的独特经历。看来，优秀的导航者主要是后天塑造的，而非天生的。

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1.underscore

/ˌʌndəˈskɔː/

v. 强调; 在……的下面划线

n. (尤指为强调)下划线; (打字机或电脑键盘上的字符)下划线

2.unfold

/ʌnˈfəʊld/

v. 打开，展开; 呈现，逐渐明朗; 发生，发展

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Para.3

A remarkable, large-scale experiment led by Hugo Spiers, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, gave researchers aglimpseat how experience and other cultural factors might influence wayfinding skills. Spiers and his colleagues, in collaboration with the telecom company T-Mobile, developed a game for cellphones and tablets, Sea Hero Quest, in which players navigate by boat through a virtual environment to locate a series ofcheckpoints. The game app asked participants to provide basic demographic data, and nearly 4 million worldwide did so.

一项由伦敦大学学院的认知神经科学家雨果·斯皮尔斯领导的非凡的大规模实验，让研究人员一窥经验和其他文化因素对寻路技能可能造成的影响。斯皮尔斯和他的同事与德国电信公司合作，开发了一款名为《海之英雄》的手机和平板电脑游戏，玩家可以乘船在虚拟环境中导航，定位一系列检查点。游戏应用要求受试者提供基本的人口统计数据，全球近400万人参与了这项实验。

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1.glimpse

/ɡlɪmps/

n. 一瞥，一看; 短暂的感受，短暂的体验

v. 瞥见; 开始理解; 闪烁，隐约出现

2.checkpoint

/ˈtʃɛkˌpɔɪnt/

n. 检查站，关卡

点击此处查看词汇词组

Para.4

Several cultural factors were associated with wayfinding skills, they found. People fromNordiccountries tended to be slightly better navigators, perhaps because the sport oforienteering, which combinescross-country runningand navigation, is popular in those countries. Country folk did better, on average, than people from cities. And among city-dwellers, those from cities with more chaotic street networks such as those in the older parts of European cities did better than those from cities like Chicago, where the streets form a regular grid, perhaps because residents of grid cities don't need to build such complex mental maps.

他们发现，一些文化因素与寻路技能有关。来自北欧国家的人往往导航能力更强，可能是因为定向越野赛在这些国家比较流行，这种比赛结合了越野跑和导航。乡村居民的平均表现优于城市居民。翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~

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1.Nordic

/ˈnɔːdɪk/

adj. 北欧人的；斯堪的纳维亚的；日耳曼民族的

n. 北欧人；日耳曼民族；斯堪的纳维亚人；具有北欧日尔曼民族外貌特征的人

2.orienteering

/ˌɔːrɪənˈtɪərɪŋ/

n. 定向越野比赛，越野识图比赛

v. 进行定向赛跑(orienteer 的 ing 形式)

3.cross-country running越野跑

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Para.5

Results like these suggest that an individual’s life experience may be one of the biggest determinants of how well they navigate. Indeed, experience may even underlie one of the most consistent findings — and clichés — in navigation: that men tend to perform better than women. Turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than ofinnateability. Most cultures aren’t like the Tsimane, though, and women and girls tend to be more cautious about exploring, for good reasons of personal safety. Not only do they gather less experience at navigating, but nervousness about security or getting lost also has a direct effect on navigation. Indeed, people who enjoy outdoor activities, such as hiking and biking, tend to have a better sense of direction. So do people who play a lot of video games, many of which involve exploring virtual spaces.

这些结果表明，个人的生活经历可能是影响他们导航能力的最大决定因素之一。事实上，经验甚至可能是这些实验中最一致的发现之一——也是最老生常谈的论调之一：男性的导航能力往往比女性更强。事实证明，这种性别差距更多是文化和经验问题，而不是天生能力问题。大多数文化不像齐曼内那样，然而，为了个人安全考虑，女性和女孩往往对探索更加谨慎。她们不仅在导航方面积累的经验较少，而且对安全或迷路的焦虑也直接影响导航。事实上，喜欢户外活动，如徒步旅行和骑自行车的人，往往方向感更好。许多涉及探索虚拟空间的电子游戏玩家这方面也会更好。

点击此处查看翻译

1.innate

/ɪˈneɪt/

adj. 先天的，固有的; (信仰)根深蒂固的

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本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）

发布时间：2024.04.13

作者：COGNITION

原文标题：Why Some People Always Get Lost—And Others Never Do

写作句总结

The importance of a person’s environment is underscored by a recent look at the role of genetics in navigation.

结构：The importance of a person’s environment is underscored by a recent look at the role of … in navigation.

最近有人研究了…在导航中的作用，着重强调了个人所处环境的重要性。

例句：The importance of a person’s environment is underscored by a recent look at the role of characters in navigation.

阅读理解题

What conclusion can be drawn from the experiments mentioned in the passage regarding the role of genetics in navigation?

A) Genetics play a significant role in determining navigational ability, with identical twins showing significantly better performance than nonidentical twins.

B) While genetics do play a role in navigation, the impact is minimal compared to the influence of unique life experiences and environmental factors.

C) The experiments found no evidence to suggest that genetics have any impact on navigational ability, indicating that navigation is solely influenced by cultural factors.

D) The experiments revealed a direct correlation between specific genetic markers and navigational proficiency, suggesting a strong genetic basis for navigation skills.

B。根据本文第二段中间，选B。

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