25考研题源外刊阅读《卫报》双语精读版训练--日本“女性经济学”，能否盘活劳动力市场？

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上期划线句答案

The study – conducted by Savings.com –foundthat young, working-class Americans were not substantiallybenefiting from the recovery of the country’s economy, as “evidenced by high employment, falling inflation, and economic growth”.

这项研究由Savings.com网站开展，研究发现美国年轻的工薪阶层并未从该国“高就业率、通货膨胀率下降和经济增长等证据”体现的经济复苏中获得实质性利益。

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本期内容

双语阅读

Para.1

Japan’s economy hasrocketed intothe headlines this year asinflationreturns for the first time in decades, workers win wage gains and the Bank of Japan raises interest rates for the first time in 17 years. But there’s another,longer-runningtrend happening in the Japanese economy that could prove interesting for American policymakers: Female employment has been steadily rising.Working-ageJapanese women have been joining the labor market for years, a trend that has continued strongly in recent months as a tight labor marketprodscompanies to work to attract new employees.

今年，日本经济突然占据各大媒体的头条，原因是通货膨胀率几十年来首次回升，工人工资上涨，日本央行17年来首次加息。但日本经济中出现的另一个长期趋势可能会引起美国决策者的兴趣：女性就业率一直在稳步上升。日本适龄工作女性加入劳动力市场的趋势已持续多年，近几个月来，随着劳动力市场紧缩，促使企业努力吸引新员工，这一趋势持续强劲。

点击此处查看翻译

1.rocket into

迅速进入；迅速发展

2.inflation

英/ ɪnˈfleɪʃ(ə)n /美/ ɪnˈfleɪʃ(ə)n /

n.通货膨胀，通胀率；充气，膨胀，增大；（宇宙论某些理论）暴涨；夸张，自命不凡

3.longer-running

adj．持续时间较长的

4.working-age

适合工作的年龄

5.prod

英/ prɒd /美/ prɑːd /

v.刺，戳；刺激，督促

n.戳，捅；刺戳的工具；刺激，提醒；（贬称）新教徒

点击此处查看词汇词组

Para.2

The jump in female participation has happened partlyby design. Since about 2013, the Japanese government has tried to make both public policies and corporate culture more friendly to women in thework force. The goal was to attract a new source of talentat a timewhen the world’s fourth-largest economy faces an aging and shrinking labor market. Still, even some who were around when the “womenomics” policies were designed have beencaught off guardby just how many Japanese women are now choosing to work thanks to the policy changes and to shifting socialnorms.

女性参与率的上升在一定程度上是刻意引导的结果。大约自2013年以来，日本政府一直努力使公共政策和企业文化对职场女性更加友好。目的是在这个世界第四大经济体面临劳动力市场老龄化和萎缩之际，吸引新的人才来源。尽管如此，即使是一些在“女性经济学”政策制定时就开始关注它的人，也会惊讶于政策的变化和社会规范的转变令如今这么多的日本女性选择工作。

点击此处查看翻译

1.by design

有意为之的；按计划进行的

2.work force

劳动力

3.at a time

一次：在某个特定的时刻，或者在一段时间内不间断地进行某个活动。

4.womenomics

英/ ˌwɪmɪˈnɒmɪks /

n.女性经济学

5.caught off guard

措手不及：在没有准备的情况下被突然发生的事情所困扰或影响。

6.norm

英/ nɔːm /美/ nɔːrm /

n.社会准则，行为规范；标准，平均水平；常态，平常事物；模方； <澳，非正式> 诺姆（指整日呆在家中看电视的懒人，尤指看体育节目）

点击此处查看词汇词组

Para.3

It’s a surprise that couldserve asan important reminder to economic officials around the world. Economists often try to guess how much a nation’s labor force can expand byextrapolatingfrom history — and they tend to assume that there are limits to how many people can belured intothe labor market, since some are likely to stay home ascaretakersor for other reasons.

这个惊人的数字可能会给世界各地的经济官员带来重要的启发。经济学家经常试图通过历史进行推断，来猜测一个国家的劳动力可以扩大到什么程度——他们倾向于假设，被吸引到劳动力市场的人数是有限的，因为有些人可能会因为照顾家人等原因而留在家里。

点击此处查看翻译

1.serve as

充当，担任

2.extrapolate

英/ ɪkˈstræpəleɪt /美/ ɪkˈstræpəleɪt /

vt.外推；推断

vi.外推；进行推断

3.lure into

诱骗……进入（某处）或做（某事）

4.caretaker

英/ ˈkeəteɪkə(r) /美/ ˈkerteɪkər /

n.看管者；看门人；守护者

adj.临时代理的

5.fertility

英/ fəˈtɪləti /美/ fərˈtɪləti /

n.肥沃，富饶；可繁殖性，生育能力；（思想的）丰富，多产

点击此处查看词汇词组

Para.4

But history has served as a poor guide in Japan over the past decade as social standards, marriage rates and fertility rates have shifted. And the lesson provided by the Japanese experience is simple: Women may be a bigger potentiallabor forcethan economists typicallycount on.

翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~日本经验提供的教训很简单：女性可能是比经济学家通常预期更强大的潜在劳动力。

点击此处查看翻译

1.labor force

劳动力

2.count on

依靠，指望；指望，期待

点击此处查看词汇词组

Para.5

Those changes came about for several reasons. The Japanese government made some important policy moves,for one thing, such as increasingchild carecenter capacity. The nation’s changing attitudes toward family alsoplayed a role infreeing upwomen for work. The average age of people marrying for the first time has been steadily rising, and fertility rates are at record lows. “Delaying marriage, delaying childbearing years, not getting married at all — that’s the big societalbackdrop,” said Paul Sheard, an economist who has long been focused on the nation. But there have been limits. There is still a taxpenaltyfor second earners in the nation, and the quality of jobs women hold is not great. They are often lower-paid and for limited hours. Women are also largely absent from leadership ranks in Japanese companies.

出现这些变化有几个原因。日本政府采取了一些重要的政策举措，比如增加托儿所的容量。国家对家庭观念的转变也在解放女性从事工作方面发挥了作用。首次结婚的平均年龄一直在稳步上升，生育率也处于历史最低水平。“晚婚、晚育、不结婚——这是大的社会背景，”长期关注这个国家的经济学家保罗·谢尔德说。但也有一些限制。在这个国家，家庭中若有第二收入者，纳负更重，女性所从事的工作质量也不高。她们的工资通常较低，工作时间有限。在日本公司的领导层中，也基本上没有女性的身影。

点击此处查看翻译

1.for one thing

首先；首要的是

2.child care

儿童照顾服务

3.play a role in

在……起作用

4.free up

释放、腾出（空间或时间）

5.backdrop

英/ ˈbækdrɒp /美/ ˈbækdrɑːp /

n.（舞台的）背景幕布；周围景物；（事件的）背景

v.位于……后面，位于……远处

6.penalty

英/ ˈpenəlti /美/ ˈpenəlti /

n.（因违反法律、规定或合同而受到的）处罚，刑罚；（行为、环境带来的）不利后果，苦难；（体育运动中对犯规者的）判罚，处罚；（足球、橄榄球及类似运动中的）罚球；（桥牌）（叫牌者未完成定约时的）罚分

点击此处查看词汇词组

本文节选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）

发布时间：2024.03.21

作者：JEANNA SMIALEK

原文标题：Japan’s Labor Market Has a Lesson for the Fed: Women Can Surprise You

写作句总结

原句：The lesson provided by the Japanese experience is simple: Women may be a bigger potential labor force than economists typically count on.

结构：The lesson provided by X experience is simple: Y may be a bigger Z than experts typically believe.

例句：The lesson provided by the rapid advancement of technology is clear: Artificial intelligence may be a more transformative force in reshaping society than experts typically anticipate.

阅读理解题

What does the term "womenomics" refer to in the context of the article?

A) Policies aimed at increasing female employment in Japan

B) Economic theories focused on women's impact on the labor market

C) Social norms and attitudes regarding women in the workforce

D) Strategies for enhancing leadership opportunities for Japanese women

A正确。从文章第二段女性经济学意向不到的作用可以反推出该项政策的目的，即A中提到的内容。

点击此处查看答案

打卡作业

本期推送2023年《经济学人》合集资源

每期《经济学人》包含五种格式：

➯mp3➯pdf➯mobi

➯epub➯azw3

获取资源：2023合集：

「2023年度经济学人.rar」来自UC网盘分享（尽快保存，避免失效）

https://drive.uc.cn/s/e6603511c3cd4

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