暑假要开始了，带孩子回国是否需要另一个父母的同意书？

孩子们已经陆续开始放暑假了，很多人都计划暑假都带孩子回国。因为各种原因，有时候并不会两个父母一起带孩子回国，而是只有父母中的一个人。这就引发了一个问题：另一个监护人是否需要写一份同意孩子出国的同意书？

对于这个问题，北欧各国的边境警察是这样规定的：

瑞典：

https://polisen.se/en/laws-and-regulations/travel-to-and-stay-in-sweden/travel-with-children/

Swedish Police is obliged to protect children by hindering and preventing criminal activities, and evaluate the risk of human trafficking or child abduction by a non-custodial parent or by others. For this reason additional questions may be asked or other measures be taken in connection with border controls, to ensure that everything is in order, e.g. through database searches. This might be done both when children are travelling unaccompanied, and when the child is in the company of adults. Even airlines or other carriers might have their own regulations.

Swedish Police does not provide any travel forms for legal guardians, but a letter from the guardian is recommended if children travel without all legal guardians present. Name and contact info is crucial so border control can verify the information.

没有官方的表格可以填写，但是建议如果没有和所有监护人一起旅行的话，携带一份旅行同意书，重要的是上面需要有名字和联系方式，帮助边境警察验证信息。

芬兰：

https://um.fi/parental-consent-for-a-child-s-holiday-travel

When minor children travel abroad without a parent or legal guardian, it is advisable that they are given a written parental consent for the travel. The document can be a written travel consent from the parents included in the child's travel documents to be presented, as required, to the authorities in the country of destination.

Under Finnish law, parents who have joint custody of a child must decide together about all matters concerning the child. One parent (or any other person) does not have the right to take the child abroad without the consent of the other parent (or both parents). Finnish law does not specify how the consent should be worded. However, please bear in mind that even if the child does leave Finland, the authorities at the border of a different country may require a written consent.

根据芬兰法律，如果父母有共同监护权的话，所有关于儿童的事务都需要两个监护人都同意。父母的一方没有权力在没有另一方同意的情况下带孩子出国。不过芬兰法律没有规定旅行同意书具体应该怎么写。但你要注意，即使芬兰边境检查没有查你的同意书，你的目的地国的边检可能也是会要求查看的。

https://raja.fi/en/document-required-for-a-minor-to-travel

Take your travel document and a letter of consent stating that you have permission to travel alone or with a person other than your parents or legal guardians. We recommend writing a letter of consent even though Finnish national legislation does not require a child to have special documentation showing that the guardians have consented the trip.

The letter of consent can be free-form, and your guardians can prepare it themselves. The document should contain the details of the underage person, information about the trip, and the contact details and signatures of the guardians.

尽管芬兰法律不要求儿童旅行的时候携带特别的父母出具的旅行同意书，芬兰边境警察还是建议儿童携带一份这样的证明。儿童的监护人可以自己写一份同意书，只要里面包含了儿童的信息，关于这次旅行的信息，联系方式，以及监护人的签名就可以了。

冰岛：

https://island.is/en/childrens-trips-abroad

When a child under the age of 18 travels internationally without accompanying both guardians, border authorities may require proof that the child has their permission to travel. Otherwise the child may be in danger of being delayed or rejected entry or exit. In addition to a passport or other travel document, it is recommended that the child or accompanying persons carry documentation proving the consent of the guardian to the trip.

The data is as follows:

• Declaration of consent

• Certificate of custody

冰岛边防警察不仅要求出示监护人的旅行同意书，还要求证明监护人是谁的文件。

旅行同意书的模板可以在下方的链接中找到：

https://island.is/en/childrens-trips-abroad/declaration-of-consent

因为微信公众号不允许插入链接，所以上面这个链接只能复制拷贝到浏览器中打开。

瑞典的监护人证明文件是familjebevis，可以在税务局网站免费申请，会寄到家。

https://www.skatteverket.se/privat/folkbokforing/bestallpersonbevis/personbevisen/familycertificatefamiljebevis.5.361dc8c15312eff6fd15da4.html

因为微信公众号不允许插入链接，所以上面这个链接只能复制拷贝到浏览器中打开。

挪威：

https://www.regjeringen.no/en/sub/child-abduction/parental-responsibility-and-travelling-a/can-you-travel-or-relocate-with-your-c-2/id733015/

If you wish to take your child abroad you should be aware of the following:

When you have sole parental responsibility:

• you are, in principle, entitled to relocate abroad without the consent of the other parent. If the other parent has an agreement or decision with respect to access, the parent wishing to relocate must notify them no later than six weeks before relocation takes place.

• when parental responsibility or permanent custody is in dispute, the child may not be relocated abroad. It is not necessary for legal proceedings to have been initiated. It is, for example, normally enough that the parents have attended mediation.

when parents have shared parental responsibility:

• both parents must agree if the child is to be relocated to another country.

• each of the parents may take the child abroad for a short stay, without the consent of the other parent.

• the court may issue an order prohibiting even a short stay abroad if it is uncertain whether the child will return. The police may issue an order temporarily prohibiting the child from leaving the country until the case has been settled in court.

when you have no parental responsibility:

• you may not take the child out of the country without the consent of the person who has parental responsibility, even for a short stay abroad.

• if you nevertheless wish to take the child abroad on holiday, you may attempt to get a court order granting you permission to do so.

NB!Some countries require that when only ONE of the parents is travelling with the child, they must have the written consent of the non-travelling parent. Problems may arise in connection with entry/exit if such permission is not obtained. If you are travelling to a country that operates such a policy you should contact that country's embassy well ahead of time to find out what is required (often a signed authorisation).

挪威边防警察的要求很模糊。他们说如果共同监护权的话，需要两个父母都同意孩子出国，但并没有说具体要提供什么样的证明来证明监护权是共同的还是单独一方拥有的，也没要求必须有另一个父母的同意书。但他们表示有些国家可能会要求另一个父母的同意书。

丹麦：

小编没有找到关于这个问题的相关信息。如果有人知道的话，可以把链接发在评论区。

总结：

总结下来就是北欧各国，除了冰岛之外，对于出行同意书大多没有硬性的明确的要求。从以往大家的经验来看，大多数父母带孩子出境的时候都不会被查，但也确实偶尔有被查的。

如果父母和孩子的姓氏不同，被查的几率会增高。因为欧洲女性普遍在婚后会冠夫姓，然后孩子也是同一个姓，而中国女性大多在婚后会保留自己的姓氏。这样，如果妈妈带孩子出行，而妈妈的姓氏和孩子的姓氏不同，一些不熟悉中国文化的边防警察就会觉得很奇怪，从而决定细查。

要注意，如果乘坐的不是直飞航班而是要转机的话，建议自行查一下转机国的政策要求，是否有出行同意书模板之类的。

参考新闻：

https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/entry-exit/travel-documents-minors/index_en.htm

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