25考研题源外刊阅读《自然》双语精读版训练--未来的城市建设处处存在差距

为了让大家第一时间看到优质考研内容

千万！千万！千万！

记得【星标】或【置顶】考研外刊阅读

每晚21:00，外刊君陪你考研

中国高翻团队倾力之作

词数：424 words

难度：★★★☆☆

本期推送2023年《经济学人》合集资源

每期《经济学人》包含五种格式：

➯mp3➯pdf➯mobi

➯epub➯azw3

获取资源：2023合集：

「2023年度经济学人.rar」来自UC网盘分享（尽快保存，避免失效）

https://drive.uc.cn/s/e6603511c3cd4

上期划线句答案

Instead, it seeks to shape how corporations are governed, what their incentives and constraints are, and how they fit into the wider picture of societal governance as they pursue their mission of long-term profit generation.

相反，它寻求塑造企业的治理方式、激励和制约，以及公司在追求长期盈利的目标的同时如何融入更广泛的社会治理图景。

本期内容

双语阅读

01

The numbers say it all: cities are hugely important to the world’s future but face big challenges. More than half of the world’s nearly eight billion people live in a city. Of those, 2.8 billion — the combined population of China and India — lackproper housing. For more than one billion individuals, home is in an informalsettlement, and that number is rising. Some 90% live in Africa or Asia, according to 2020 data.

数字说明了一切：城市对世界的未来来说非常重要，但也面临着巨大的挑战。世界上近八十亿人口中有一半以上居住在城市。其中，28亿人（相当于中国和印度人口总和）缺少正式住所。有超10亿人的家是非正式安置点，而且这个数字还在不断增加。根据2020年的数据，其中约 90%的人生活在非洲或亚洲。

1. settlement

/ˈsɛtəlmənt/

n. (解决争端的)协议，和解; 聚居地 ; 殖民，开拓; (关于钱财转让的)协议(书); (欠款的)支付，偿付; (地面或建筑物的)下沉，下陷; (按照协议规定收到的)金额; 定居行动; 清账; 处理; 村落

2.proper housing

正式住所：指一个人或家庭的正式住所，通常是指拥有足够空间和设施的房屋。

02

What's more, few, if any, of the targets of the 11th United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 11) to “make cities and human settlementsinclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” are even withinshouting distanceof being achieved by the 2030 deadline . Some progress has been made in expanding access to public transport (currently available to around half of the world’s urban dwellers). However, “vast gaps” remain when it comes to achieving universal access to affordable homes, improving living conditions and reducing the environmental impact of cities, says the urban-development agency UN-Habitat.

翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~在扩大公共交通的使用范围方面已经取得了一些进展（目前世界上大约一半的城市居民可以使用公共交通）。然而，城市发展机构联合国人居署表示，在实现普遍获得经济适用房、改善生活条件和减少城市对环境的影响方面，世界各国仍然存在“巨大差距”。

1.inclusive

/ɪnˈkluːsɪv/

adj. 包容广阔的; 包括一切费用在内的; 包括的，包含的; 无性别歧视的; 对外开放的

2.shouting distance近距离

03

There are gaps, too, when it comes to cities and science. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) need the kind of knowledge-based decision-making that is routine in high-income countries. And yet most research expertise is concentrated in rich nations, notes Eduardo Cesar Leão Marques, a political scientist at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, in a review article in theinauguraledition of Nature Cities.

在城市和科学方面也存在差距。中低收入国家需要高收入国家习以为常的知识型决策。然而，巴西圣保罗大学政治学家爱德华多凯撒里昂马克在《自然城市》创刊号的一篇评论文章中指出，大多数研究专家意见集中在了富裕国家身上。

1. inaugural

/ɪnˈɔːɡjʊrəl/

adj. (演说)就职的，就任的; 首次的，初始的

n. (尤指即将就任的美国总统的)就职演说

04

This, in turn, makes it harder for researchers in LMICs to publish their research on regions such as Latin America in journals based in the United States, says María José Álvarez-Rivadulla, a sociologist at the University of the Andes in Bogotá who has worked on cities in both areas. This is at least in part because reviewers don’t see sucharticlesas relevant to readers who are based mainly in high-income countries. “You have to keepjustifyingwhy you study the cities that you study, because they are not in the global north and your research isn’t based in a rich university in a rich country,” she says.

波哥大安第斯大学社会学家玛丽亚·何塞·阿尔瓦雷斯-里瓦杜拉表示，这反过来又使得中低收入国家的研究人员更难在美国期刊上发表有关拉丁美洲等地区的研究成果，该社会学家对两个地区都有研究。这部分原因在于审稿人认为此类文章与主要来自于高收入国家的读者无关。“你必须不断证明为什么要研究你所研究的城市，因为它们不在北半球，你的研究也不是基于富裕国家的富裕大学，”她说。

1.article

/ˈɑːtɪkəl/

n. 文章，论文; 物品; 条款，条文; 冠词; 见习契约，见习期

v. 见习，签约做实习生; 进行控告; 使……受协议条款的约束

2. justify

/ˈdʒʌstɪˌfaɪ/

v. 是……的正当理由; 对……作出解释，为……辩解; 使(文本)对齐; (在上帝的眼中)称义，使有义; 证明合法; 整理版面

05

A second, related, problem is that most existing research in, on or about cities falls indisciplinesthat don’t focus exclusively on urban environments. Studies on governance, climate and sustainability, public health, transport and other topics relevant to cities can be found in publications, including the Nature Portfolio journals, that serve theirrespectivecommunities. But there are few journals that speak to all those working in the urban space and consider urban challenges across social divides.

第二个与此相关的问题是，大多数现有的关于城市的研究都不是专门关注城市环境的学科。关于治理、气候和可持续发展、公共卫生、交通和其他与城市相关的主题的研究可以在包括《自然组合》期刊等为各自社区服务的出版物中找到。但很少有期刊能够与所有在城市地区工作的人交谈并考虑跨越社会差距的城市挑战问题。

1.discipline

/ˈdɪsɪplɪn/

n. 纪律，风纪; 惩罚，处分; 训导，管教; 训练，锻炼; 自制力，自律能力; (尤指大学的)科目，学科

v. 惩罚，处分; 训练，管教

2. respective

/rɪˈspɛktɪv/

adj. 分别的，各自的

本文节选自：Nature（自然）

发布时间：2024.01.25

作者：Editorial

原文标题：Cities matter to the world’s future — science must serve them better

写作句总结

There are gaps, too, when it comes to cities and science.

结构：There are gaps, too, when it comes to cities and science.

在…方面也存在差距。

例句：There are gaps, too, when it comes to clothing and culture.

阅读理解题

Which statement accurately reflects the author's viewpoint regarding research on cities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)?

A) Researchers in LMICs face difficulties in publishing their research due to language barriers.
B) Reviewers prioritize research from high-income countries over research from LMICs.
C) Research expertise in urban environments is evenly distributed across high- and low-income countries.
D) Journals based in the United States are actively seeking research on cities in Latin America.

B正确。A项language barriers未提及；C项evenly distributed错误，第四段明确说明贫富地区之间的研究差距；D项错误，原因同上，与第四段内容不符。

打卡作业

最后给各位小伙伴安利考研英语陪跑班，这个真的非常赞鸭！

我们知道考研英语真的让人很头疼，一个人单打独斗的时候，经常会陷入一个问题，想一下午都想不明白的痛苦境地

有了陪跑班就不一样啦，全程都会有老师在群里答疑！有问题就找班班，靠谱的嘞！

不仅每天都能够在班级群里面监督学习打卡，还有日常的辅导，更加赞的是每个阶段都会有一个模拟测评，检验学习成果！

总课时达242小时，只要99元，相当于十杯瑞幸咖啡的价格，真的没有比这个更良心的考研课程啦！

先试听再购买

1、吴扶剑 25考研 阅读理解 第一讲

https://jbfjb.xetslk.com/s/2u77uL

2、任燕翔 25考研政治基础 马原第一讲

https://jbfjb.xetslk.com/s/do7X2

3、李睿 25考研数学 高数第一讲

https://jbfjb.xetslk.com/s/2HXWFe

扫码后，输入优惠券码:bzwt，仅需99元！

• END •

排版/外刊君

图片/来源网络

中国高翻小组