JCS Focus | 国际顶刊《Social Problems》最新目录及摘要!!!

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社会学·国际顶刊

Social Problems

(《社会问题》)

最新一期的目录与摘要

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About Social Problems

Social Problems （《社会问题》）是美国社会问题研究学会（The Society for the Study of Social Problems）的官方刊物。自1953年创刊至今，Social Problems 一直是社会学学者进行思想交流和想法碰撞的重要平台。

Social Problems 致力于发表具有影响力的社会学实证研究和前沿理论文章，帮助大家更好地理解和应对复杂的社会环境。该刊涵盖的主题包括：

• Community Research and Development

• Conflict, Social Action, and Change

• Crime and Juvenile Delinquency

• Disability

• Drinking and Drugs

• Educational Problems

• Environment and Technology

• Family

• Global

• Health, Health Policy, and Health Services

• Institutional Ethnography

• Labor Studies

• Law and Society

• Poverty, Class, and Inequality

• Racial and Ethnic Minorities

• Sexual Behavior, Politics, and Communities

• Social Problems Theory

• Society and Mental Health

• Sociology and Social Welfare

• Sport, Leisure, and the Body

• Teaching Social Problems

• Youth, Aging, and the Life Course

Current Issue

Social Problems 为季刊，最新一期（Volume 71, Issue 1, February 2024）共有15篇文章，详情如下。

Social Problems

原版目录

Social Problems

ARTICLES

Antiracism without Races: How Activists Produce Knowledge about Race and Policing in France

Magda Boutros

Scholars have argued that anti-racialist ideologies – which deem racial categorization dangerous and racist – are an obstacle to antiracism, because they make race and its effects invisible, and obscure institutional and structural racism. This paper reexamines this argument empirically, by analyzing how activists resist “racial ignorance” and produce knowledge about race in anti-racialist contexts. Drawing on race scholarship, social movement theory, and sociology of knowledge, I ask: How do social movements produce knowledge about the role of race in policing in France? What are the implications of different epistemic practices for activists’ racial conceptualizations and political practice? The article is based on an ethnography of three mobilizations contesting policing in France. The comparative methodology reveals that epistemic practices play a role in shaping how mobilizations reach a shared understanding of race and racism. Specifically, how knowledge projects determine racial difference, the methodologies used to capture racial inequality/oppression, and the level of analysis, all matter for the understanding of racism that activists are able to substantiate. Mobilization’s epistemic approaches provide some activists with additional resources to promote their preferred racial conceptualizations and can produce the evidence needed to change the mobilization’s dominant discourse, from individualistic to structural and systemic conceptualizations of racism.

Social Disharmony and Racial Injustice: W. E. B. Du Bois’s Theories on Crime

S Rose Werth

Although W. E. B. Du Bois addresses crime in Black communities in many of his writings, he is rarely recognized as having a cohesive theory on crime, and his work is often conflated with Shaw and McKay’s social disorganization theory. While both social disorganization and Du Bois’s theories pushed sociology and criminology away from pseudo-biological explanations of crime to the social environment, the Chicago School analyzed how social control broke down within neighborhoods, while Du Bois analyzed how racist social and economic exclusion of Black communities led to crime. Du Bois’s criminological theories of social disharmony and racial injustice also consider the social construction of crime and the criminalization of Blackness where social disorganization does not. Focusing on the relations of racial exclusion led Du Bois to propose solutions to crime that focus on mechanisms of oppression and economic injustice across various levels of society. This approach differs widely from community-level interventions driven by social disorganization theory, which focus on improving informal social control within neighborhoods. Du Bois's theories on crime and the social environment provide an analytic lens for sociologists to link the social organization within communities to the social organization across communities.

The White View of Black America: Three Forms of Prejudice

Esha Chatterjee

This paper examines the contemporary racial attitudes of white American adults towards black Americans, using data from the General Social Surveys and classifies these attitudes using latent class analysis. The purpose of the analysis is to resolve ongoing debates between (a) those who contend that overt forms of racism have largely been replaced by more socially acceptable forms of racism, and (b) those who contend that overt forms of racism are still so strong in the United States that even the survey form can successfully detect them. Consistent with the second of these two views, a full 55.6 percent of the population adopts a pattern of responses consistent with deeply essentialist accounts of racial inequality.

Policing White Supremacy: Asymmetry and Inequality in Protest Control

David Cunningham

Despite evident and oft-cited disparities in the policing of right-wing extremists and more progressive social movements, we understand much less about how such distinctions emerge and unfold as the police prepare for, and act within, protest events. How does the racial and political orientation of social movements affect how they are policed? What are the processes through which such effects are realized? In contrast with most existing studies of protest policing, which emphasize how the actions of authorities are conditioned by the degree of threat associated with, for example, the size or capacity for violence of a given protest target, the analysis here of a cluster of cases associated with the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, recognizes the constructed nature of protest threats and highlights how those assumptions inform and interact with police planning and action. Findings emphasize how the degree of alignment between police and protesters shapes policing agents’ preparations for, and operational considerations within, protest events. This alignment provides a basis for asymmetric communication, differential assessment, and—ultimately—distinct treatment of different protest targets.

Understanding Discrimination: Outcome-Relevant Information Does Not Mitigate Discrimination

Mogens Jin Pedersen, Vibeke Lehmann Nielsen

People experience discrimination across a variety of domains, including at work and in dealings with public institutions, but what makes some individuals discriminate against others? Two dominant scholarly approaches—“statistical” and “taste-based”—offer different explanations. Statistical discrimination models imply that discrimination occurs because of incomplete information (informational bias), whereas taste-based discrimination models emphasize more elusive and deep-rooted cognitive biases. Adding new insights into whether discrimination is “statistical” or “taste-based,” this article examines how providing information that reduces informational bias affects discrimination. Using a preregistered survey experimental design, a representative sample of Danish residents (n = 2,024) are exposed to three unique vignettes, each involving a choice of service provider (general practitioner, babysitter, and house cleaner). Relating to gender and nativity stereotypes, we manipulate the gender of the general practitioners and the babysitters, and the country of origin of the house cleaners. Moreover, we manipulate exposure to rating cues about the service providers’ task performance, thus mitigating informational bias to some extent. Contrasting the expectations of statistical discrimination models, the performance ratings cues do not mitigate discrimination. Across all three vignettes, the participants exhibit stereotypical preferences, and the performance rating cues do not affect these discriminatory biases.

Environmental Inequality in the American Mind: The Problem of Color-Blind Environmental Racism

Dylan Bugden

Despite research showing that public beliefs about the distribution of resources in society is a crucial factor in the reproduction of inequality, we do not know what Americans believe about environmental inequality or what factors structure those beliefs. Results of a novel national survey (n = 1000) show that Americans poorly understand environmental inequality, often view inequalities as fair, and are only marginally supportive of a range of key policy tools. Regression analyses reveal that the dominant factor explaining Americans’ views of environmental inequality is what I term color-blind environmental racism. Color-blind environmental racism refers to a specific manifestation of color-blind racial ideology, wherein belief in a post-racial society obfuscates and justifies environmental racism and reduces support for policy solutions. Given the pervasiveness of color-blind environmental racism in the American mind, it is likely a substantial cultural barrier facing the environmental justice movement, from local siting disputes to the passage of federal policy. Future research should build on this study to further explore the roles of public opinion and color-blind environmental racism as barriers to achieving environmental justice.

Policing a Pandemic in New York City: How Do Community Features Matter in the Location of Social Distancing Violations?

Joseph Gibbons, Joshua Chanin, Tse-Chuan Yang

This study assesses the contextual role that race/ethnicity play in predicting the enforcement of COVID-19 precautions during the early stages of the pandemic. We draw upon 311 police service calls pertaining to social distancing violations in New York City to investigate whether Black and Hispanic communities are less likely to call in social distancing violations as well as whether racial/ethnic composition influences law enforcement response. We conduct negative binomial models estimating spatial effects and controlling for the number of COVID-19 cases, police behavior (arrests, stop and frisks, community complaints), community social networks, and other demographic characteristics. We find the racial/ethnic disparities in law enforcement response and intervention in social distancing violations exist independently of local COVID-19 rates. There are fewer calls for social distancing violations in Black communities, but the likelihood of law enforcement intervening in COVID-19 violations, including arrests, is stronger in Black and Hispanic communities than in White communities.

The Long-Term Consequences of Imprisoning Our Youth: The Lasting Impact of Time Spent in Adult Jails and Prisons

Megan C Kurlychek, Matthew C Kijowski, Alysha M Gagnon

We explore the possible deleterious lifelong impacts for youth who serve stints of incarceration in adult jails or prisons. Our study uses a sample of all youth ages 16 and 17 arrested in New York State in 1987 and follows their criminal careers for 24 years. New York was selected as the state processed, not just some, but all youth of this age as adults, allowing us to overcome issues of selection bias and to use natural variation to create a propensity score matched sample to compare similar youth who either were, or who were not, subject to this punishment. Findings reveal that youth who spent time in an adult jail or prison recidivate more often, more quickly, and commit more total offenses. We also find that being offered youthful offender status, a status that removes the public stigma of a criminal record, reduces recidivism, regardless of the incarceration experience. Our study is situated in theories of deterrence, social learning, and labeling, and we apply our findings to greater societal implications of subjecting youth to punishments traditionally reserved for mature adults.

Bridging Boundaries? The Effect of Genetic Ancestry Testing on Ties across Racial Groups

Wendy D Roth, Rochelle Côté, Jasmyne Eastmond

The phenomenon of widespread genetic ancestry testing has raised questions about its social impact, particularly on issues of race. Some accounts suggest testing can promote bridging social capital – connections between racial groups. In this multi-method paper, we ask whether (1) taking genetic ancestry tests (GATs) and (2) receiving results of African, Asian, or Native American ancestry increases network racial diversity for White Americans. We use a randomized controlled trial of 802 White, non-Hispanic Americans, half of whom received GATs. Unexpected findings show that test-takers’ network racial diversity decreases after testing. Using 58 follow-up interviews, we develop and test a possible theory, finding initial evidence that test-takers’ network racial diversity declines because they reconsider their racial appraisals of others in their networks.

The Theatre of Entrepreneurship: Learning to Perform the Speculative Self in University Entrepreneurship Programs

Victor Tan Chen and Jesse Goldstein

How do colleges teach students to be entrepreneurial? For three years, we observed young entrepreneurs, most of them students at Virginia Commonwealth University. Drawing from interviews with 57 students and recent graduates and observations of entrepreneurship-related events, we argue that entrepreneurial training encourages students to embrace a future-oriented and relational form of human capital. This speculative self (1) requires a performed authenticity that conveys the individual’s passion and relatability; (2) emphasizes potential for scalability and growth; and (3) is oriented toward the expectations of investors. Much of this work happens through the performance of the startup pitch, a well-crafted narrative of personal and commercial awakening. This study highlights three aspects of entrepreneurship training. First, students are encouraged to pitch continuously, the pitch serving as a means of affirming one’s entrepreneurial identity. Second, students are trained to convey their devotion to their venture through a relatable narrative. Third, students learn to pitch for investors interested in their potential to become an investment with rapid market growth. This performance is not limited to university entrepreneurship programs, but speaks to a broader transformation of the ways that workers are asked to demonstrate their value to a world unsure about whether they are a worthwhile investment.

Why LGBTQ Adults Keep Ambivalent Ties with Parents: Theorizing “Solidarity Rationales”

Emma Bosley-Smith and Rin Reczek

Many LGBTQ adults have ongoing relationships with their parents that are ambivalent, typified by both solidarity (e.g., frequent contact, emotional or financial exchange) as well as conflict (e.g., parents’ heterosexism and cissexism). Yet, why LGBTQ people remain in—rather than end—their ambivalent intergenerational ties is under explored. We analyze qualitative in-depth interview data with 76 LGBTQ adults to answer this question. We find that LGBTQ adult children deploy narratives that privilege intergenerational solidarity over strain—what we call “solidarity rationales”— to explain why they remain in their ambivalent intergenerational ties. Four solidarity rationales were identified: 1) closeness and love, 2) parental growth, 3) the unique parent-child role, and 4) the importance of parental resources. Identifying LGBTQ adults’ solidarity rationales pulls back the curtain on the compulsory social forces driving persistent intergenerational relationships. This study also advances our thinking about how socially marginalized people cope with complex social ties that include interpersonal discrimination and stigma.

Politics as a Vacation: Tourist Practices and the Building of the Nation-StateGet

Gregory Fayard

Recent shifts in political sociology have moved away from reification of the state to focus more on symbolic and everyday sociocultural perceptions of political units. Yet the launching points for most research has been state-led programs. To remedy this gap, this paper takes a relatively non-political activity, domestic tourism, and builds a theoretical model of how the circulation of tourist bodies provides legitimation for the material, symbolic, and territorial projects of the nation-state. Using qualitative content analysis of online travel diaries for domestic vacations taken in China from 2006–2019, I find that travel practices are integral to perceptions of and bodily engagement with the geography, history, ethno-culture, and modernization projects of the nation-state. I argue that tourist practices naturalize and confirm knowledge and classifications about the nation-state, making abstract political conceptions into experiential realities.

Leaving the Pervasive Barrio: Gang Disengagement under Criminal Governance

José Miguel Cruz, Jonathan D Rosen

Is it possible to disengage from street gangs in communities and districts where gang organizations rule? We argue that disengagement is possible when this process does not alter the social order that allows street gangs to continue controlling and establishing the rules that govern economic activities and relationships in the barrios they control. We explore the process of gang disengagement under criminal governance in El Salvador, a country plagued by the powerful MS-13 and Barrio 18 gangs. We conducted a survey with nearly 1,200 people with a history of gang membership and 25 in-depth interviews with former gang members. We find that disengagement through religious conversion allows the gang to continue exerting power over the deserters, while at the same time enforcing religious commitment to the congregation. The religious community provides the normative framework that reassures the gang that its former associates will not act against it, consolidating its local authority.

Explaining Refugee Employment Declines: Structural Shortcomings in Federal Resettlement Support

A Nicole Kreisberg, Els de Graauw, Shannon Gleeson

A Nicole Kreisberg, Els de Graauw, Shannon Gleeson

In the United States, the integration experiences of immigrants depend partly on whether they are recognized as refugees or economic migrants. Unlike economic migrants, refugees receive federal resources to help find employment, raising important questions about the role of such government support in migrants’ labor market integration. Our analysis of nationally representative data from the New Immigrant Survey shows that despite early access to government-funded employment services, refugees actually experience employment declines the longer they live in the United States. Drawing on 61 interviews with resettlement experts in refugee-serving organizations across the country, we highlight three interrelated structural weaknesses in the federal refugee resettlement process that help account for these employment declines: (1) retrenched resettlement funding, (2) a logic of self-sufficiency prioritizing rapid employment in generally undesirable and unstable jobs, and (3) siloed networks of refugee-serving organizations. Our findings have important implications for immigrant integration, the welfare state, and the ways that nonprofit organizations shape inequality.

I Know How It Feels: Empathy and Reluctance to Mobilize Legal Authorities

Kelley Fong

Why do people hesitate to summon state authorities to address concerns? Previous research has focused on cultural orientations about law enforcement, such as legal cynicism. In addition, people are often in a position to turn others in, requiring attention to how potential reporters understand the meaning and consequences of implicating others. This article identifies empathy as an underexamined lens through which marginalized groups view state intervention. I argue that amid shared social roles with those potentially reported to authorities, individuals invoke empathy in disavowing reporting. I advance this argument using the case of child abuse and neglect reporting, analyzing in-depth interviews with 74 low-income mothers in Rhode Island. Respondents disavowed or expressed ambivalence about reporting other families to child protection authorities, often justifying their non-reporting by empathizing with mothers they might report. Drawing on their own experiences of scrutinized and precarious motherhood, respondents imagined how they would feel if reported and balked at calling on child protective services, understanding reporting as an act of judging and jeopardizing another’s motherhood. The findings challenge conceptions of non-reporting as necessarily indicating social disorganization. Rather, hesitation to mobilize authorities can constitute an expression of care, kinship, and solidarity

以上就是本期 JCS Focus 的全部内容啦！

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《中国社会学学刊》（The Journal of Chinese Sociology）于2014年10月由中国社会科学院社会学研究所创办。作为中国大陆第一本英文社会学学术期刊，JCS致力于为中国社会学者与国外同行的学术交流和合作打造国际一流的学术平台。JCS由全球最大科技期刊出版集团施普林格·自然(Springer Nature)出版发行，由国内外顶尖社会学家组成强大编委会队伍，采用双向匿名评审方式和“开放获取”(open access)出版模式。JCS已于2021年5月被ESCI收录。2022年，JCS的CiteScore分值为2.0（Q2），在社科类别的262种期刊中排名第94位，位列同类期刊前36%。2023年，JCS在科睿唯安发布的2023年度《期刊引证报告》（JCR）中首次获得影响因子并达到1.5（Q3）。

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