上海
The supreme court just overturned the landmark Roe v Wade case, which granted women in the US the right to terminate apregnancy. A reversal of this magnitude is almost unprecedented, particularly on a case decided nearly 50 years ago.
美国最高法院刚刚推翻了具有里程碑意义的罗伊诉韦德案，该案赋予美国妇女堕胎的权利。推翻一个五十多年前判决的案件，在美国历史上几乎是前所未有的。
The extraordinarily rare move will allow more than half of states to banabortion, with an immediate and enduring impact on tens of millions of Americans.
这一异常罕见的举措将允许超过一半的州禁止堕胎，对数千万美国人产生直接而深远的影响。
What happened?
到底发生了什么事？
The court decided there is noconstitutionalright to abortion in a case called Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization. In reaching that decision, the conservative-majority court overturned Roe v Wade, from 1973.
在多布斯诉杰克逊妇女健康组织一案中，法院裁定宪法没有赋予女性堕胎的权利。在做出这一判决时，保守派占多数的法院推翻了1973年的罗伊诉韦德案。
Historically, the court has overturned cases to grant more rights. The court has done the opposite here, and its decision will restrict a constitutional right generation of Americans have grown up taking for granted.
从历史上看，法院会推翻案件以赋予民众更多的权利。最高法院这次却倒行逆施，它的判决将限制一代代美国人成长过程中视为理所当然的宪法权利。
As a result of the reversal, states will again be permitted to ban or severely restrict abortion, changes that will indelibly alter the national understanding of liberty, self-determination and personal autonomy.
这次翻案后，各州将再次允许禁止或严格限制堕胎，这些变化将永远改变美国国民对自由、自决和自主的理解。
罗诉韦德案
Roe v. Wade
1973年的“罗诉韦德案”的影响被美国人视作等同于第二次内战。1972年，得克萨斯州两个年轻的女权主义者萨拉·威丁顿和林达·科菲试图挑战当时的堕胎政策。她们选中了一名希望堕胎的21岁女子，化名为简·罗（JaneRoe），韦德（Wade）则是当时达拉斯县的检察官。几经周折，1973年1月22日，美国联邦高院最后以7比2的表决，确认妇女决定是否继续怀孕的权利受到宪法上个人自主权和隐私权规定的保护，这等于承认美国堕胎的合法化。
Where will this happen?
哪些州会反对堕胎？
Twenty-six states are expected to do so immediately, or as soon as practicable. This will make abortion illegal across most of the south and midwest.
预计有26个州将立即或尽快施行反堕胎法，如此一来堕胎在南部和中西部的大部分地区都会被视为违法行为。
In these states, women and other people who can become pregnant will need to either travel hundreds of miles to reach an abortion provider or self-manage abortions at home through medication or other means.
在这些州，怀孕女子要么需要跋涉数百英里去找堕胎机构，要么需要在家里通过药物或其他方式自行想办法堕胎。
（这个“衣架”，有特殊的含义。在很长时间里，它是孕妇在走投无路下自行堕胎的工具。）
However, anti-abortion laws are not national. The US will have a patchwork of laws, includingrestrictionsand protections, because some Democratic-led states such as California and New York expanded reproductive rights in the run-up to the decision.
然而，反堕胎法不是全国性的。美国有些州还将推行一系列法律来限制和保护堕胎，因为一些民主党领导的州，如加利福尼亚州和纽约州，在该决定之前扩大了妇女的生育权。
Even so, new abortion bans will make the US one of just four nations to roll back abortion rights since 1994, and by far the wealthiest and most influential nation to do so. The other three nations to curtail abortion rights are Poland, El Salvador and Nicaragua, according to the Center for Reproductive Rights. More than half (58%) of all US women of reproductive age – or 40 million people – live in states hostile to abortion.
即便如此，新的堕胎禁令将使美国成为自1994年以来仅有的四个剥夺妇女堕胎权的国家之一，也是迄今为止的反堕胎国家中最富有和最有影响力的国家。根据生育权利中心的数据，另外三个限制堕胎权利的国家是波兰、萨尔瓦多和尼加拉瓜。超过一半(58%)的美国育龄妇女，也就是将近4000万人，生活在反对堕胎的州。
When will this happen?
什么时候会施行？
Across most states, this will happen quickly. Thirteen states have abortion bans “triggered” by a reversal of Roe v Wade, though the laws vary in theirenforcementdates. Louisiana, for example, has a trigger law that is supposed to take effect immediately. Idaho has a trigger ban that goes into effect in 30 days.
大多数州将很快施行禁止堕胎法。其中13个州的堕胎禁令是由罗伊诉韦德案的判决逆转“触发”的，只是这些法律在实施日期上有所不同。例如，路易斯安那州有一项触发法律，预计将立即生效。爱达荷州的触发堕胎禁令将在30天后生效。
Other states have abortion bans that pre-date the Roe decision but have been unenforceable in the last five decades. Michigan has a pre-Roe ban that is currently the subject of a court challenge.
其他州在罗伊案判决之前就有堕胎禁令，但在过去的50年里一直无法执行。密歇根州有一个前罗伊禁令，仍然面临众多异议。
A final group of states intends to ban abortion very early in pregnancy, often before women know they are pregnant. One such state is Georgia, where abortion will be banned at six weeks. Several states, such as Texas, have multiple bans in place.
剩余各州打算禁止怀孕早期堕胎，通常是在妇女知道自己怀孕之前。其中一个州是乔治亚州，该州禁止怀孕六周堕胎。有些像德克萨斯州一样，对堕胎有多项禁令。
In many cases, court challenges under state constitutions are likely, and experts believe there will be chaos for days or weeks as states implement bans.
在许多情况下，根据州宪法，会有很多人上诉提出异议，专家认为，随着各州实施禁令，将会有少则几天，多则几周的混乱。
Can the federal government stop this?
联邦政府能阻止这一切吗？
The most effective protection against state abortion bans is a federal law, which would precede the states. Public opinion favors such statute – 85% of Americans believe abortion should be legal in most or all circumstances.
针对州堕胎禁令，最有效的保护措施是先于各州的联邦法律。公众舆论也支持这样的法规——85%的美国人认为堕胎在多数或所有情况下都应该合法。
Such a law would need the majority support of the House of Representatives, a 60-vote majority in the Senate, and a signature from Joe Biden to pass. A majority of members of the House of Representatives support an abortion rights statute, as does the White House.
这样的法律需要众议院多数票，参议院60票，以及拜登总统的签字才能通过。众议院的大多数成员支持堕胎权利法案，白宫也是如此。
However, Republicans are almost certain to block abortion rights laws in the Senate, which is evenly split with Democrats. One Democratic senator, Joe Manchin of West Virginia, has repeatedly crossed party lines to vote against abortion rights. That leaves just 49 Democrats, far short of the support needed to pass such a measure.
然而，共和党人几乎肯定会在参议院阻止堕胎权法律的通过，民主党人也基本会支持堕胎权，两党争得不相上下。西弗吉尼亚州的民主党参议员乔·曼钦(Joe Manchin)曾多次跨越党派界限投票反对堕胎权。这就只剩下49名民主党人支持堕胎权，远远达不到通过这样一项措施所需的支持票数。
To overcome the evenly split Senate, Democrats would need to win landslide victories in the upcoming midterm elections. However, despite the fact that popular opinion favors abortion rights, it is unclear how the midterms could be swayed by the issue.
为了掌控势均力敌的参议院，民主党需要在即将到来的中期选举中取得压倒性胜利。然而，尽管民意支持堕胎权利，尚不清楚中期选举会如何受到这一问题的影响。
And, regardless of the outcome of the next election, Dobbs will forever change life in the US. The lives of individuals will be irrevocably altered as people are denied reproductive healthcare, face long journeys or are forced to give birth.
而且，不管下次选举结果如何，多布斯法案将永远改变美国的生活。随着妇女被剥夺生育保健的权利，她们要么得长途跋涉到其他州堕胎，要么被迫分娩，美国人民的生活将迎来不可逆转的改变。
今日词汇
pregnancy/ˈpreɡnənsi/ n. 怀孕（期），妊娠（期）
abortion/əˈbɔːʃn/ n. 流产，堕胎
constitutional/ ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənl/ adj. 宪法的；宪法规定的，合乎宪法的
restriction/rɪˈstrɪkʃ(ə)n/ n. 限制规定，限制法规
enforcement/ɪnˈfɔːsmənt/ n. 执行，实施
*文章摘自The Guardian：The supreme court just overturned Roe v Wade – what happens next?（最高法院刚刚推翻了罗伊诉韦德案——接下来会发生什么?）
0元抽职场加油包
女性的身体，女性做主
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