基于数值模式的苏北浅滩海域单站最大风速和极大风速预报方程建立
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作者:亢兴 梅杰 王华
单位:国家海洋局东海预报中心, 上海 200136
分类号:P732.4
出版年·卷·期(页码):2022·39·第二期(34-39)
摘要:利用苏北浅滩海域预报和观测数据,基于平均风速与最大风速、最大风速与极大风速的高度相关性,以及高精度数值预报产品,运用统计分析方法建立了苏北浅滩5个测站大风(风速≥10.8 m/s)发生时逐时最大风速和日极大风速的预报方程。通过检验发现:单站一元一次客观预报方程能准确地预报逐时最大风速,5个测站最大风速预报平均绝对误差为1.30 m/s,预报评分在81~85分之间,预报误差大于4 m/s的样本数在2%~6%之间。区分天气形势进行分析,冷空气最大风速预报精度最优,台风次之。日极大风速预报平均绝对误差为1.99 m/s,预报评分在65~76分之间,预报误差大于4 m/s的样本数在5%~10%之间。最大风速和日极大风速客观预报方程的效果都比较理想,但是对8级风速以上(风速≥17.2 m/s)的预报结果偏小。
关键词:数值预报产品;平均风速;最大风速;极大风速
Abstract:Based on the mean wind speed, maximum wind speed, high correlation between the maximum wind speed and extreme wind speed of the forecast and observation data in the northern Jiangsu shoal, a forecasting equation is established for hourly maximum wind speed and daily extreme wind speed at 5 observation stations when the gale with wind speed equal or greater than 10.8 m/s occurs using statistical analysis method. The validation results show that linear regression equation can accurately forecast the hourly maximum wind speed. The mean absolute error of maximum wind speed forecast at the 5 stations is 1.30 m/s with the forecast scores between 81 and 85, and the proportion of the samples with absolute error greater than 4 m/s is between 2% and 6%. The forecast accuracy under different weather conditions is analyzed, which reveals that the maximum wind speed forecast accuracy of cold air is optimal followed by the typhoons. The mean absolute error of daily extreme wind speed is 1.99 m/s with the forecast scores between 65 and 76, and the proportions of the samples with absolute error greater than 4m/s is between 5% and 10%. In summary, the effects of objective forecast equation for maximum wind speed and daily extreme wind speed are relatively satisfactory. However, the forecast result is smaller when the wind force scale exceeds eight (wind speed equal or greater than 17.2 m/s).
Key words:numerical product; mean wind speed;maximum wind speed; extreme wind speed
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未来两天海洋环境预报
预计明天,
渤海有1.2到1.8米的轻浪到中浪;
黄海北部有1到1.4米的轻浪到中浪;
黄海南部、东海北部有0.7到1.1米的轻浪;
东海南部有1.3到2米的中浪区;
台湾海峡有0.8到1.1米的轻浪;
台湾以东洋面、巴士海峡有1到1.4米的轻浪到中浪;
北部湾有0.6到0.8米的轻浪;
南海北部有1.2到1.5米的轻浪到中浪;
南海中部有1.5到2米的中浪区;
南海南部有1到1.7米的轻浪到中浪。
预计后天,
我国近海无大浪区。
5月23~27日西北太平洋海浪数值预报动图
美丽海岛海域海况
预计明天,
觉华岛、嵊泗列岛、岱山岛、东极岛、普陀山、大陈岛、南麂岛、三都岛、钓鱼岛、永兴岛、黄岩岛附近海域有1.3~1.6米的中浪,这些海岛较适宜乘船出行;
我国其他各美丽海岛附近海域都是轻浪,海况不错,非常适宜乘船出行和海岛游玩。
美丽海岛是指以下的35个海岛:
觉华岛、长山群岛、菩提岛、长岛、刘公岛、灵山岛、秦山岛、连岛、崇明岛、嵊泗列岛、岱山岛、东极岛、普陀山、大陈岛、玉环岛、洞头岛、南麂岛、嵛山岛、三都岛、平潭岛、湄洲岛、东山岛、钓鱼岛、南澳岛、万山群岛、川山群岛、海陵岛、南三岛、东海岛、涠洲岛、分界洲岛、蜈支洲岛、永兴岛、黄岩岛、永暑礁。
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