春天到了，拥有种菜基因的中国人化身城市农夫，把阳台变成一方农田，一边“自食其果”得到劳动的回报，一边在种菜的过程中获得内心的平静和安慰。
90后夫妻在生活阳台上盆栽蔬菜
某电商平台最近发布的《2022阳台种菜报告》显示，上海、东莞、北京、苏州、广州是最爱在阳台种菜的城市，以85后到95后为主。
今年一季度，该平台各类蔬菜种子销量同比上涨超100%，香菜、韭菜、辣椒、番茄成为该平台上最热销的蔬菜种子。
In the first quarter of this year, sales of vegetable seeds on Tmall doubled compared to the same period last year, according to a report on balcony gardening released by the popular e-commerce platform’s parent company, Alibaba. According to the report, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangdong province’s Dongguan are among the top five cities for urban vegetable growers, who are mainly in their 20s and 30s. Coriander, chives, chili peppers, and tomatoes are the most popular choices.
该平台鲜花行业负责人卢志鹏表示，目前这个群体的需求已经形成一个新百亿市场，包括果蔬种子、花盆、营养土、智能种菜机等，即使是新手也能一键开启城市农夫技能。
Lu Zhipeng, the person in charge of Tmall's flower department, said that balcony gardening is now worth tens of billions of yuan, and extends from seeds, fertilizers and soil, to automated growing machines. "Even a novice can become an urban farmer, just by pushing a button," he said.
种菜成了新时尚
随着时代发展，阳台种菜的初衷已经不仅仅是物质获得。
电影《小森林》剧照
中国农业大学国家农业市场研究中心主任韩一军称，和他曾经在阳台种西瓜和葱不同，时尚性是当今阳台种菜的第一位。除此之外，科技性、趣味性、观赏性、操作性都是城市农夫重要的需求。
Han Yijun, director of the National Agriculture Research Center at the China Agricultural University, said that growing vegetables in balcony gardens is more than just an accomplishment, it is becoming a fashionable lifestyle, and one that requires suitable equipment that is easy to use. Having fun and seeing the results are both important for the younger generation.
在疫情和双减政策的作用下，阳台种菜是孩子接触自然，培养责任感的一种方式。而在朋友圈晒出自己最近种的大番茄，在群里交换种子、交流种植心得也赋予了阳台种菜更多社交价值。
For children, balcony gardening is a way to enjoy nature during periods of epidemic prevention and control, and helps nurture their sense of responsibility. Then there is the social value of growers posting photos of their colorful tomatoes on social media, or exchanging tips on seeds and growing in group chats.
社交媒体上网友分享的“阳台种菜”贴文
网友分享种菜心得
赵海平的老家山东寿光是中国蔬菜之乡，他成立的种子网店主要销售更适合运输的果蔬种子类。店里卖的最好的商品是水果玉米种子和贝贝南瓜种子等，随季节变化。
Zhao Haiping, owner of a Tmall seed store, mainly sells fruit and vegetable seeds from Shouguang, a major vegetable growing area in Shandong province. Sweet corn and Japanese pumpkin seeds are his best sellers.
图源：东方IC
“随着越来越多年轻人务农，想借助电商平台买到更好的品种。一般县城城镇种子店铺规模小、品种少、质量差，不能满足现代农业对高品质种子的需求。”
"Young people are interested in growing vegetables and in buying better seeds on e-commerce platforms. The quality and variety available in county seed stores are not up to the needs of modern agriculture," Zhao said.
阳台种菜用种特点
第一是品种要多；
第二要种植简单好发芽好管理的，很复杂的阳台小菜园等做不了；
第三包装规格一般要小，大包种子用不了；
第四适应性要强的品种，对环境要求不苛刻的。增加买家的种植成功概率，阳台、小菜园种菜更重要的是成功的乐趣。
Compared with seeds grown in fields, those grown in balcony gardens: 1. are greater in variety; 2. are easier to plant; 3. are wrapped in smaller packages; 4. are more suited to the environment.
图源：东方IC
种子也要通过考试
某网店老板秦淮称，店里种子的种源主要集中在欧美市场，经过海关审核报备引进后，委托江苏省农科院等在其大棚中进行筛种和测种，对产品的口感、产量、与气候的适配性进行评分，选择优质的种子在农科院进行生产。
Qin Huai, owner of online seed store Marseed, said that high quality seeds are mainly imported or else bought from local academies of agricultural sciences, which test for taste, yield, and other traits.
家庭种植的条件与农田种植主要是光线和空间的区别，所以在阳台种菜时，会偏向种一些矮生的蔬菜。
秦淮称，“目前，我们大概已委托江苏省农科院测种了40余种番茄，30余种辣椒。今年春天我们卖的20多个品种，几乎都是江苏农科院生产的。”
The Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been testing 40 tomato and 30 chili pepper varieties provided by Marseed. Twenty varieties sold by the store this spring were developed by the academy, Qin said.
江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所副所长刁卫平称，原来阳台种菜更常见的是葱姜蒜类的，做菜的时候作为辅料。随着经济的发展，各种装备的提升，居民在阳台种菜的品种跟模式上也已经慢慢改变。
图源：东方IC
对光照的要求、生长速度、品质、安全健康、观赏性等都是农科院在测种过程中要考虑的因素。
Diao Weiping, deputy director of the academy's vegetable institute, said that researchers consider lighting, growing speed, quality, safety, and ornamental aspects when testing seed varieties.
“现在的年轻人，更希望家里的阳台是花花绿绿的，可以看各种类型的，资源丰富的，大家没有看过的东西。”
Urban farmers have gradually changed their taste in vegetable varieties as living standards improve. "Young people prefer to grow things that are fresh-looking and that make their balconies colorful," he added.
网友称，种花家的种菜天赋，每年春天都会觉醒。
而这两年，阳台种菜更是满足了“城市农夫”亲近自然的精神需求，通过劳动找到生活的小确幸。
记者：赵伊梦
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