鸡肉是中国人餐桌上的常客。中国是全球禽类消费第一大国，而鸡肉已成为仅次于猪肉的第二大肉类消费品。
图源：东方IC
你吃的都是什么鸡？
我国鸡肉主要来自白羽肉鸡和黄羽肉鸡，白羽肉鸡对我国鸡肉生产的贡献约45%，黄羽肉鸡约38%。黄羽肉鸡是中国原产品种，很适合中式烹调，比如炖汤、白切鸡、扒鸡等。
图源：东方IC
但是令众多“吃货”无法拒绝的炸鸡和备受健身达人宠幸的鸡胸等冰鲜产品，都来自于白羽肉鸡。而自2004年以来，我国白羽肉鸡种源100%依赖进口。
Chinese people consume more chicken than any other meat except pork. Last year, the country produced 18.6 million metric tons of chicken, with white-feather broiler accounting for 52.4 percent.
零的突破：打破西方垄断
近日，捷报传来，我国自主育种的首批三个白羽肉鸡新品种通过审定，打破了西方在这一品种种源上的垄断！
The country has independently developed white-feather broiler breeds, breaking the country's 17-year reliance on imported genetic resources for the chicken.
图源：东方IC
12月3日，农业农村部公布了3个国产快大型白羽肉鸡的新品种，分别是“圣泽901”、“广明2号”、“沃德188”，中国企业需要高价进口、受制于人的困境被彻底打破。
The national committee for livestock and poultry genetic resources has approved three new varieties — Guangming 2, Shengze 901 and Wode 188 — meaning that domestically bred broiler varieties will appear on the Chinese market.
“广明2号”长这样↑
12月8日，中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所和广东佛山市新广农牧有限公司联合培育的“广明2号”白羽肉鸡新品种正式发布，双方签署了未来十年白羽肉鸡育种的发展合作协议。未来，中国消费者就可以吃到国产肉鸡制成的炸鸡了！
At a news conference held on Wednesday to officially release the Guangming 2 variety, which was co-developed by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences' Institute of Animal Sciences and Xinguang Nongmu Co in Foshan, Guangdong province, the institute and the company signed a contract on the industrial development of the new variety in the next 10 years.
创新之路
其实，上世纪90年代，我国自主培育的艾维茵肉鸡一度占有白羽肉鸡50%以上的市场份额，后因疫病影响，2004年淡出。
近15年来，我国年引进祖代种鸡80-120万套用于商品肉鸡生产，每套的常规价格在300元左右。这些祖代鸡，主要来源于德国EW集团旗下的安伟捷公司和美国泰森集团拥有的科宝公司，占据了全球99%的市场。
China developed a domestic broiler breed in the 1990s, but it was wiped out by a disease outbreak in 2004. Since then, the country has relied on imported genetic resources of white-feather broiler chicken, importing 800,000 to 1.2 million breeding broiler sets－each consisting of one rooster and 10 to 15 hens－every year to meet domestic demand for foods including fried chicken.
白羽肉鸡养殖现场照片
国家肉鸡产业技术体系首席科学家文杰介绍，我国的“广明2号”白羽肉鸡生长速度快、饲料转化率高，42日龄出栏体重达到2.8kg，适合生产分割鸡肉，方便制作快餐、团餐及深加工制品。
Guangming 2 grow fast and the breed's feed-conversion rate is high. The slaughter weight of a 42-day-old broiler reaches 2.8 kilograms, which is suitable for producing split chicken and is convenient for making fast food, group meals and deep-processed products.
文杰团队2009年就着手白羽肉鸡关键技术的研发储备，呼吁有能力的企业开展白羽肉鸡的自主育种。2019，新品种在山东民和和凤祥等企业完成200余万只中试试验。
Wen Jie, chief scientist for the national broiler industry technology system, and his team prepared to work on core technology for the broiler in 2009, and called on enterprises to launch independent breeding. In 2019, the new variety completed a pilot test involving 2 million broilers in Shandong province.
万里长征第一步
白羽肉鸡育种，品种通过审定只是第一步，未来更要注重科企合作和产业应用。
Feng Zhongwu, vice-president of the academy, said the approval of the new varieties is only the first step in developing white-feather broiler breeding.
中国农业科学院冯忠武副院长表示，到“十四五”末，使“广明2号”市场占有率达到10%，到2035年与其他国产品种一起，共同实现自主培育白羽肉鸡新品种市场占有率达到60%以上的目标。
"We will strive to make Guangming 2 account for 10 percent of the domestic market by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), and we hope the market share of domestic white-feather broiler varieties will exceed 60 percent by 2035," he said.
全国畜牧总站王宗礼站长呼吁继续大力支持民族种业发展，多用中国种、多产中国蛋，把肉蛋奶的盘子牢牢把握到中国人自己手中。
"We will keep supporting the country's seed industry and using more domestic breeds to make sure that Chinese people hold their own bowls of meat, eggs and milk," said Wang Zongli, head of the National Animal Husbandry Service.
让我们相约，一起吃自主培育的国产炸鸡！
记者：赵伊梦
编辑：左卓
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