大明成化天字罐一件

成化斗彩天字罐，在清档中被称作“成窑天字罐”，数百年来名气很大，地位很高，是皇帝御用的瓷器。一般来说，瓷器类中瓶子价值最为昂贵，罐子次一等。古玩行内有种说法：“站着的”是瓶子，“趴着的”就是碗盘。罐子不高不低，算是“蹲着的”吧，所以地位上就稍逊瓶子。但这种说法一定是介于物品相同品级的比较，成窑天字罐在成化斗彩各器型中属顶尖之器，又是皇帝御用，所以也有“天子罐”的美名。

《千字文》开篇有：“天地玄黄，宇宙洪荒，日月盈昃,辰宿列张。”古代宫廷器物常以“千字文”进行编号排序。我们常说“天字第一号”，就源于此。天，即“宇宙万物”，历代帝王“敬天法祖”，均以“天子”自居。众所周知，成化瓷器以秀美隽雅闻名于世，成为历朝历代皇帝钟爱的对象。成化瓷器最重要的成就，是斗彩的烧制成功。成化斗彩瓷胎薄体轻，釉脂莹润，色彩鲜艳，画面清澹雅逸，代表作如鸡缸杯、成化斗彩三秋纹碗、高士杯、葡萄杯、婴戏杯、天字罐等，均为绝代精品。成化时的官窑产品质量极其讲究，民窑产品也很精细。青花瓷在成化时风格为之一变，其呈色由浓艳变淡雅，成化青花被推为明代八大时期之冠，淡描五彩精雅绝伦。而天字罐，“天”字是《千字文》首句“天地玄黄”的第一个字。“天字第一号”通常指最大的、第一、最好、最高等等意思。成化天字罐首先肯定是官窑器物，为皇权贵族所用，“天”字款显示了瓷器做工质量、使用对象等多方面的至高、第一、尊崇，彰显社会对皇权的崇拜。

明朝开国皇帝朱元璋青年时做过和尚，其登基后对佛教有意加以扶持，成化时期佛教文化流行甚广。“天”在梵语中称“提婆”，与天上、天有、天趣、天道、天界等同义，系“十界”之一，构成佛教密宗法义。成化斗彩冠绝古今，开一代彩瓷先河，其首创的“天字罐”、鸡缸杯更属奇珍，影响深远。在清档记载中写作“成窑天字罐”。罐直口、丰肩、四周大小云纹飘散，均以蓝彩绘就，青花勾边。颈、底部边饰为规整的蕉叶纹，胫部为海水纹，上下呼应。底部书楷书青花“天”字款。具有寓意“天寿福禄，吉祥如意"画工非常的精美，成化斗彩瓷胎薄体轻，极为通透，釉脂莹润，色彩鲜艳，画面清澹雅逸，乃是皇家之器物，极为珍贵，罕见的精美，极具收藏价值。

Chenghua doucai Tianzi jar is called "Chengyao Tianzi jar" in the Qing Dynasty. It has been famous and high status for hundreds of years. It is a porcelain used by the emperor. Generally speaking, among porcelain, bottles are the most expensive, and cans are the second. There is a saying in the antique industry: "standing" is a bottle, "lying down" is a bowl. The jar is neither high nor low. It's "squatting", so it's a little inferior to the bottle in status. However, this statement must be between the comparison of the same grade of goods. Among the various types of Chenghua doucai, Chengyao Tianzi pot is the top one and is also used by the emperor, so it also has the good name of "Tianzi pot". The opening chapter of QIANZI Wen reads: "heaven and earth are dark and yellow, the universe is in famine, the sun and moon are full, and the stars are listed." ancient court artifacts are often numbered and sorted by "QIANZI Wen". We often say "Tianzi No. 1", which comes from this. Heaven is "everything in the universe". Emperors of all dynasties "respect heaven and Fazu" and regard themselves as the "son of heaven". As we all know, Chenghua porcelain is famous for its beauty and elegance, and has become the favorite object of emperors of all dynasties. The most important achievement of Chenghua porcelain is the successful firing of doucai. Chenghua doucai porcelain body is thin and light, the glaze is bright and lustrous, the color is bright, and the picture is clear and elegant. Its representative works such as chicken jar cup, Chenghua doucai three autumn pattern bowl, Gaoshi cup, grape cup, baby play cup, Tianzi pot, etc. are all unique products. During Chenghua, the quality of official kiln products was very exquisite, and the products of civilian kilns were also very fine. The style of blue and white porcelain changed during Chenghua, and its color changed from thick and colorful to elegant. Chenghua blue and white porcelain was pushed to be the crown of the eight periods of the Ming Dynasty, and its light description of five colors is exquisite and elegant. The word "heaven" is the first word in the first sentence of "heaven and earth are dark and yellow" in QianZiWen. "Tianzi No. 1" usually refers to the largest, first, best, highest and so on. First of all, Chenghua Tianzi pot must be an official kiln utensil, which is used by the imperial nobles. The "Tianzi" style shows the supreme, first and respect of porcelain workmanship quality, use object and other aspects, and highlights the society's worship of imperial power. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was a monk when he was young. After he ascended the throne, he deliberately supported Buddhism. During the Chenghua period, Buddhist culture was very popular. "Heaven" is called "Diva" in Sanskrit. It is synonymous with heaven, Tianyou, Tianqu, Tiandao and Tianjie. It is one of the "ten realms" and constitutes the legal meaning of Buddhism Esoteric Buddhism. Chenghua doucai crown is unique in ancient and modern times. It is the first generation of colored porcelain. Its first "Tianzi jar" and chicken jar cup are rare and have a far-reaching impact. In the records of the Qing Dynasty, he wrote "Chengyao Tianzi pot". The straight mouth of the pot, the abundant shoulder and the scattered cloud patterns around it are all painted in blue with blue and white hooks. The neck and bottom are decorated with regular banana leaf patterns, and the shin is seawater patterns, echoing up and down. Blue and white "heaven" characters in regular script at the bottom. It has the meaning of "longevity, wealth and good luck". The painters are very exquisite. Chenghua doucai porcelain body is thin, light, very transparent, the glaze is bright and moist, the color is bright, and the picture is clear and elegant. It is a royal artifact. It is extremely precious, rare and exquisite, and has great collection value.