怎么和你的新生宝宝相处？

　　这是 达医晓护 的第 3190 篇文章

　　新生宝宝日常需要主要来自三方面：睡眠、喂养，和玩耍。新手爸妈们可以通过应该注意宝宝的暗示和身体语言来了解宝宝在想什么、需要你们做什么。顺应宝宝的需要给可以给宝宝带来安全感并增进你们的亲子纽带关系。

　　大多数新生宝宝会花大部分时间睡觉 – 平均每天要睡 16 个小时左右。他们的睡觉时间都相对较短，在两次喂奶之间睡 2-3 个小时就会醒来，不管是白天还是晚上。而且，新生宝宝每隔 2-4 个小时就需要喂奶，所以他们都需要你密集的关注。

　　宝宝出生后头几个月是爸爸妈妈熟悉自家你宝宝的主要时间，包括宝宝在睡眠、喂养、玩耍和安抚等方面的需要。你会发现一个非常简单、灵活的日常作息似乎更适合宝宝的需要，同时你也比较能控制。这时不需要考虑怎样让宝宝接受某种固定的刻板的日常作息。

　　让宝宝主导日常的睡眠、喂养和玩耍的作息规律

　　主要原则是灵活而且要顺应宝宝的提示。宝宝会给出各种提示，让爸爸妈妈知道他是否要睡觉眠、吃奶或和你玩 – 当下感觉怎么对就怎么去做。只要你和宝宝都能接受，也可以试着按相似的规律顺序做事。比如，你可以尝试简单喂养、玩耍和睡眠的日常作息。就像这样：

　　1. 当宝宝醒来时给他喂奶。

　　2. 给宝宝换尿布。

　　3. 和宝宝说话、玩、抱抱、亲子互动。

　　4. 把宝宝放到床上去睡觉。

　　如果你试着采用这种日常作息，重要的环节是注意宝宝的暗示并及时给予回应和灵活的调节。比如，喂奶后不久宝宝有可能表现出困倦的迹象。这就意味着现在是时候让宝宝睡觉了，即使你和宝宝玩的时间不长。

　　或者，宝宝在玩过后有可能显现出饿的迹象。这种情况下，就再给宝宝喂一次奶，然后哄宝宝睡觉。宝宝吃饱饱地会睡得更香。

　　又或者宝宝会时不时会睡一大觉，这也OK。不需要因为喝奶的时间到了而把宝宝中途弄醒喂奶，除非医生告诉你这么做。

　　到了晚上，最好在喂好奶后直接哄宝宝睡觉，而不是让宝宝玩一会再睡。

　　新生儿的玩耍可能只是安静地抱抱，或伸伸小胳膊和小腿，或踢踢毯子。你会发现宝宝玩大概 10-20 分钟就够了。有些新生宝宝醒着 1-1½小时后就累了，而有些宝宝喜欢玩的时间要长些。

　　在不清楚宝宝到底需要什么时

　　有时很难知道宝宝需要什么。比如，你可能已经试过给宝宝喂奶或哄宝宝睡觉，但宝宝还是安静不下来。如果宝宝在哭，先检查宝宝是否病了、受伤或不舒服。如果不是，而且宝宝在两小时内吃过奶，那么先尝试抱抱和安抚就行。比如，你可以试着把宝宝抱在怀里，头部靠近你的胸膛。用温暖、爱护和回应的方法与宝宝互动会给她带来安全感。放心，在她需要的时候抱抱，搂在怀里或和宝宝说话并不会宠坏宝宝的。

　　Understanding newborn routine needs

　　It is important to understand newborn routine needs which are sleep, feeds and play. A good way to understand what your newborn is feeling and what they need is to pay attention to baby’s cues and body language. Responding to your baby’s needs helps baby feel secure and builds your relationship.

　　Most newborns spend most of their time asleep – they sleep about 16 hours in every 24. They’re programmed to sleep in short bursts of about 2-3 hours between feeds, night and day. Also, newborns need to feed every 2-4 hours. And they need your attention during the day and night.

　　The first few months of your baby’s life is the time to get to know your baby, and learn about your baby’s needs for sleep, feeds, play and settling. You might find that a very simple, flexible routine seems to help your baby, and helps you feel more in control. But this isn’t the time to worry about getting your baby into any kind of rigid routine.

　　Newborn sleeping, feeding and play: letting your baby lead the routine

　　With newborn sleeping and feeding, the key is being flexible and following your baby’s lead. Your baby will let you know whether they want to sleep, feed or interact with you – it’s OK to go with whatever feels right at the time. It’s also OK to try to do things in a similar order if that feels right for you and your baby. For example, you could try a simple routine of feed, play, sleep. Here’s what this might look like:

　　1. Offer your baby a feed when they wake up.

　　2. Change your baby’s nappy.

　　3. Talk, play, cuddle and interact with your baby.

　　4. Put your baby back down for sleep.

　　If you try this kind of routine, it’s still important to watch your baby’s cues and respond.

　　For example, your baby might show tired signs soon after a feed. This means that it’s time for your baby to sleep, even if you and baby haven’t had much time to play.

　　Or your baby might show signs of being hungry after a play. In this situation, just give your baby another feed before settling baby for sleep. Your baby will sleep better with a full tummy.

　　Or your baby might have an extra-long sleep every now and then. That’s OK too. Unless your doctor or child and family health nurse has told you otherwise, there’s no need to wake your baby for feeds.

　　And at night, a good option might be settling your baby straight back to sleep after feeds, rather than trying to play.

　　Newborn play might just be a quiet cuddle or some time stretching out and kicking on a blanket. You might find about 10-20 minutes of play is enough. Some newborn babies get tired after being awake for about 1-1½ hours. Some newborns are happy to play for longer than this.

　　When it’s hard to know what your newborn needs

　　There are times when it’s hard to know what newborns need. For example, you might have tried feeding or putting your baby down for a sleep, but baby still seems unsettled. If your baby is crying, first check whether baby is sick, hurt or uncomfortable. If not, and if baby has fed in the last two hours, cuddling and comfort are in order. For example, you could try holding your baby in your arms with their head near your chest.

　　Your newborn will feel safe and secure when you interact with them in warm, loving and responsive ways. You can’t spoil your baby by picking them up, cuddling them or talking to them.

　　作者：澳大利亚墨尔本大学医学院儿科博士