22考研外刊阅读《纽约客》双语精读版训练--纽约客：现代人工作的方式有什么问题？

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上期翻译答案

Consider a recently published study about models used by some of the most technologically advanced hospitals in the world/ to help prioritize which patients with chronic kidney disease should receive kidney transplants.

以最近发表的一项研究为例，该研究涉及到一种可以帮助确定慢性肾病患者接受肾移植的优先次序的模型，该模型被世界上一些技术最先进的医院所采用。

本句修饰成分较多，注意划分。

《本期内容》

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导读

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前段时间996的话题在国内再度引起热议，在美国，资本家要求美国人把他们所有的时间、精力和热情都投入到工作中。但他们的工作能给自己足够的回报吗?

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双语阅读

Americans work more hours than their counterparts in peer nations, including France and Germany, and many work more than fifty hours a week. Real wages declined forthe rank and filein the nineteen-seventies, as did the percentage of Americans who belong to unions, which may be a related development.

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美国人的工作时间比同类国家（包括法国和德国）的人长，许多人每周工作超过了50个小时。20世纪70年代，老百姓的实际工资下降了，加入工会的美国人的比例也下降了，这可能是一个相关的变化。

One can argue that these post-industrial developments mark a return to a pre-industrial order. Thegig economyis a form of vassalage. And even workers who don’t work for gig companies like Uber or TaskRabbit now work like gig workers.

新建文本，单击两次进入编辑

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人们可以辩称，这些后工业时代的发展标志着向前工业时代秩序的回归。零工经济是一种附属品。甚至那些不为优步或跑腿兔这样的零工公司工作的人，现在也在像零工工人一样工作。

Most jobs created between 2005 and 2015 were temporary jobs. Four in five hourly retail workers in the United States have no reliable schedule from one week to another. Instead, their schedules are often set byalgorithmsthat aim to maximize profits for investors by reducing breaks and pauses in service—the labor equivalent of the just-in-time manufacturing system that was developed in the nineteen-seventies in Japan, a country that coined a word for “death by overwork” but whose average employee today works fewer hours than his American counterpart.

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2005年至2015年产生的大多数工作都是临时工作。在美国，五分之四的小时零售工没有稳定的每周工作计划。相反，他们的日程表通常是由算法设定的，公司通过减少员工服务期间的休息和暂停，实现投资者的利润最大化——工作方式相当于20世纪70年代日本开发的准时生产系统。这个曾经为“过劳死”创造了一个词的国家，现在员工的平均工作时间比美国的员工要少。

As the sociologist Jamie K. McCallum reports in “Worked Over: How Round-the-Clock Work Is Killing the American Dream” , Americans have fewer paid holidays than workers in other countries, and the United States is all but alone in having no guaranteedmaternityleave and no legal right to sick leave or vacation time. Meanwhile, we’re told to love work, and to find meaning in it, as if work were a family, or a religion, or a body of knowledge.

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正如社会学家杰米·k·麦卡勒姆在《加班:全天候工作如何扼杀美国梦》一书中所述，美国人的带薪假期比其他国家的工人要少，而且美国几乎是唯一一个没有产假保证，没有病假或休假合法权利的国家。与此同时，我们被教导要热爱工作，并在工作中找到意义，就好像工作是一个家庭、一种宗教或一套知识体系。

If human beings are able to spend less time working than other primates, why do so many people now work as hard asgorillas? Suzman’s answer is at onceanthropologicaland historical, and it has to do with agriculture. According to Suzman, “up until the Industrial Revolution, any gains in productivity farming peoples generated as a result of working harder, adopting new technologies, techniques, or crops, or acquiring new land were always soongobbled upby populations that quickly grew to numbers that could not be sustained.” The harder farmers worked, the harder they had to work.

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如果人类能够比其他灵长类动物花更少的时间工作，为什么现在有那么多人像大猩猩一样卖力工作？苏兹曼的答案既包含了人类学，也涉及到历史，它与农业有关。根据苏兹曼的说法，“翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~”农民工作得越努力，他们就越不得不更努力地工作。

本文节选自：The New Yorker（纽约客）

发布时间：2021.01.11

作者：Jill Lepore

原文标题：What’s Wrong with the Way We Work

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词汇积累

1.algorithm

• 英[ˈælgəriðəm] 美 [ˈælgəriðəm]

• n.互除法;算法;规则系统;演绎

  2.maternity
  

• 英 [məˈtəːniti] 美 [məˈtɝnətɪ]

• n.母道,母性;产科医院

• a.产妇的;怀孕的;初为人母的

  3.gorilla
  

• 英 [gəˈrilə] 美 [gəˈrɪlə]

• n.大猩猩；[俚]流氓;丑人

  4.anthropological
  

• 英 [ˌænθrəpəˈlɔdʒikəl] 美 [ˌænθrəpəˈlɑdʒɪkl]

• a.人类学(上)的

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词组搭配

1.the rank and file 普通民众

2.gig economy 零工经济

3.gobble up 狼吞虎咽

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写作句总结

As the sociologist Jamie K. McCallum reports in “Worked Over: How Round-the-Clock Work Is Killing the American Dream” , Americans have fewer paid holidays than workers in other countries, and the United States is all but alone in having no guaranteed maternity leave and no legal right to sick leave or vacation time.

结构:sb. is all but alone in doing sth.

XX几乎是唯一一个做某事的

例句:Lily is all but alone in doing charity all these years.

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