A. 全国1卷作文
全国Ⅰ卷
阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
春秋时期，齐国的公子纠与公子小白争夺君位，管仲和鲍叔分别辅佐他们。管仲带兵阻击小白，用箭射中他的衣带钩，小白装死逃脱。后来小白即位为君，史称齐桓公。鲍叔对桓公说，要想成就霸王之业，非管仲不可。于是桓公重用管仲，鲍叔甘居其下，终成一代霸业。后人称颂齐桓公九合诸侯、一匡天下，为“春秋五霸”之首。孔子说：“桓公九合诸侯，不以兵车，管仲之力也。”司马迁说：“天下不多（称赞）管仲之贤而多鲍叔能知人也。”
班级计划举行读书会，围绕上述材料展开讨论。齐桓公、管仲和鲍叔三人，你对哪个感触最深？请结合你的感受和思考写一篇发言稿。
要求：结合材料，选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
B. 背景知识
管仲
管仲（约公元前723年－公元前645年），姬姓，管氏，名夷吾，字仲，谥敬，颍上（今安徽颍上县）人。中国古代著名的经济学家、哲学家、政治家、军事家，春秋时期法家代表人物，周穆王的后代。
齐僖公三十三年（公元前698年），开始辅佐公子纠。齐桓公元年（公元前685年），得到鲍叔牙推荐，担任国相，并被尊称为“仲父”。任职期间，对内大兴改革、富国强兵。对外尊王攘夷，九合诸侯，一匡天下，辅佐齐桓公成为春秋五霸之首。
齐桓公四十一年（公元前645年），病逝。后世尊称为“管子”，誉为“法家先驱”、“圣人之师”、“华夏文明保护者”、“华夏第一相“。《管子》一书题为管仲所作，实系后人托名。
鲍叔牙
鲍叔牙（前723年或前716年—前644年），姒姓，鲍氏，名叔牙，颍上（今属安徽）人，春秋时期齐国大夫。以知人善任闻名于世，向齐桓公举荐自己的挚友管仲。他与管仲的交情为历代史家所称颂，有成语“管鲍之交”。
早年辅助公子小白（即后来的齐桓公），齐襄公十二年（公元前686年）协助公子小白夺得国君之位，并推荐管仲为相。齐桓公三十年（公元前656年），参与“召陵之盟”使诸国尊齐王霸主。齐桓公四十一年（公元前645年），鲍叔牙称相，并在不久后病逝。
在鲍叔牙的协助下，在齐国顺利实行了他的治国之道。鲍叔牙为政重教化，使齐国迅速由乱转治，由弱变强，齐桓公也成了春秋时期的第一个霸主。
各为其主
齐僖公九年或齐僖公十六年（公元前723年或公元前716年），鲍叔牙生于齐国，是春秋时代齐国大夫鲍敬叔的儿子，管仲的好朋友。早期管仲贫困，鲍叔牙时常接济他。鲍叔牙不愿出仕，后来在管仲劝说下，鲍叔牙选择辅助公子小白。
齐襄公元年（公元前697年），齐襄公即位后，荒淫无道，随意诛杀，人人自危，纷逃国外。公子纠由管仲、召忽二人辅佐逃往鲁国；公子小白则由鲍叔牙辅佐逃往莒国。
齐襄公十二年（公元前686年）齐国内乱，流亡在外的公子纠和公子小白都想回国争当齐国国君。鲍叔牙十分着急，力劝小白快速回国，并亲自为小白驾车，日夜兼程赶往齐国边，却被埋伏的管仲一箭射中小白身上的铜制衣带钩，小白趁势诈死，骗过了管仲，麻痹了鲁军，兼程直入临淄，赖高傒等重臣的拥戴，得立为国君，是为齐桓公。鲁庄公方率鲁军护送公子纠行至乾时（今临淄区西境）地方，齐桓公亲自率军迎战，大败鲁军，并尽夺鲁国汶阳之地。
推荐管仲
齐襄公十二年（公元前686年），齐桓公打败公子纠，稳定局面，开始治理齐国。这个时候他想任用一直追随自己的师傅鲍叔牙为齐相。鲍叔牙拒绝了，并推荐当年差点要了齐桓公性命的管仲为齐相，称只有管仲才能让齐国称霸，于是欺骗鲁庄公说要杀管仲，成功将管仲从鲁国救出。于是齐桓公封管仲为相国，鲍叔牙为大谏。
C. 英文版
Guan Zhong (管仲)(born in 725 BC, died in 645 BC) was a Chinese politicianin the Spring and Autumn Period. His given name was "Yíwú" (夷吾). "Zhong" was his courtesy name. Recommended by Bao Shuya, he was appointed Prime Minister by Duke Huan of Qi in 685 BC.
Bao Shuya (鲍叔牙)was a famous official of the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a contemporary and friend of Guan Zhong.
Though an able administrator in his own right, Bao is best known for his friendship with Guan, and for persuading Duke Huan of Qi to put aside personal enmities and elevate Guan Zhong to the post of Chancellor. As an official he was renowned as a judge of character and talent, with Guan Zhong himself commenting that"My parents gave birth to me, but it is Bao who knows me best."
The Princes' Rivalry
The two friends later entered politics as the tutors to two princes of Qi; Guan Zhong tutored Prince Jiu, while Bao Shuya tutored Prince Xiaobai (who would later become Duke Huan of Qi). The reigning duke of Qi at the time, Duke Xiang of Qi, was a dissolute ruler; foreseeing chaos and fearing for the prince's safety Bao fled with Xiaobai to the neighbouring state of Ju. (Guan Zhong, in turn, fled with prince Jiu to the State of Lu).
Eventually Duke Xiang of Qi was killed by one of his ministers, who declared himself duke but was in turn murdered, leaving a power vacuum in Qi; this situation turned the princes, and by extension their tutors, into rivals for the throne. Bao Shuya successfully escorted Prince Xiaobai back to Qi before Prince Jiu, and the newly installed duke eventually pressured Lu into killing Prince Jiu and sending Guan Zhongback to Qi. ["Zuo Zhuan, 10th year of Duke Zhaung of Lu"]
Bao Shuya's Recommendation
With Guan Zhong's repatriation the two friends were reunited, but the duke bore a grudge against Guan. During the journey back to Qi, Guan had attempted to assassinate the prince, loosing an arrow which hit his belt buckle; because of this the duke wanted to execute Guan. At the same time he intended to elevate Bao, his tutor and guardian, to the post of Chancellor. Bao, however, defended his friend staunchly, persuading his master first to spare Guan's life and then to elevate Guan over Bao as the Chancellor. At the same time he convinced Guan to shift his loyalty to the new duke and serve him whole-heartedly.
Impact
In Chinese culture Bao Shuya is known mainly for his loyalty to his friend, as well as his open-mindedness and tolerance and his judgement of ability; Guan Zhong's political career and the subsequent power of the state of Qi arguably began from Bao's belief in his friend's talent, which he stood by firmly. The Shiji records a quote from Guan regarding his lifelong friend and supporter:
"When Bao and I did business together, I would take more profits for myself; he did not deem me greedy, but understood my poverty; when I came up with business ideas that incurred losses, he did not deem me foolish, but put it down to business fluctuations. When I asked for audiences with lords thrice and was thrice rejected he did not deem me useless, but put it down to lack of opportunity; when I fled from battle thrice he did not deem me cowardly, but understood I had an ailing mother at home. When Prince Jiu was killed I was jailed and disgraced, and endured it; he did not deem me shameless, but knew I had greater ambitions.My parents gave birth to me, but it is Bao who knows me best!" ["Shi Ji, Chapter 62 "Biography of Guan and Yan"]
管仲曰：“吾始困时，尝与鲍叔贾，分财利多自与，鲍叔不以我为贪，知我贫也。吾尝为鲍叔谋事而更穷困，鲍叔不以我为愚，知时有利不利也。吾尝三仕三见逐于君，鲍叔不以我为不肖，知我不遭时也。吾尝三战三走，鲍叔不以我为怯，知我有老母也。公子纠败，召忽死之，吾幽囚受辱，鲍叔不以我为无耻，知我不羞小节而耻功名不显于天下也。生我者父母，知我者鲍子也。”（《史记·管晏列传》）
（内容转载“简之爱English”，仅供学习参考。若涉及版权问题，请联系删除。）
责编 | 杨宁
审稿 | 李栋
校稿 | 吕放
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