凤凰苗族银饰锻制技艺——世界非遗盛宴之你最喜欢的非遗作品

一、非遗传承人介绍

Introduction of the inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage

杨洪江 Hongjiang Yang：

凤凰县苗族银饰锻制技艺代表性传承人，16岁开始从事苗族银饰锻制技艺，手艺出色，能做到拉丝细如发丝、掐花神形皆备、焊接无缝接口，且作品种类繁多。

Yang Hongjiang is a representative inheritor of Miao Silver Jewelry Forging Skills in Fenghuang County. At the age of 16, he began to engage in Miao Silver Jewelry Forging Skills. He has excellent craftsmanship. He can draw silk as fine as hair, pinch flowers and have perfect shapes, weld seamless joints, and has many kinds of works.

2014年代表湖南省苗族银饰参加了湖南文化走进泰国进行国际文化交流活动。

In 2014, on behalf of Hunan Miao Silver Jewelry, he participated in the international cultural exchange activities of Hunan culture entering Thailand.

2016年参加浙江省义乌市中国旅游商品大赛，作品《平安锁》荣获铜奖。

In 2016, he participated China Tourist Commodity Competition in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province and won the bronze prize for his work "Safe Lock".

2017年“第六届中国·成都国际非物质文化遗产节”举办的“中国传统工艺传承新生代艺人竞技比赛”中，荣获“新生代工匠之星”荣誉称号。

In 2017, the Sixth China Chengdu International Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival held the "Competition of Chinese Traditional Craft Inheritance Cenozoic Artists", and he won the honorary title of "Cenozoic Craftsman Star".

2017年他做好凤凰县为湘西州庆60周年赠献的非物质文化遗产精品《凤凰古城雪景图》。该作品目前为世界最大，2017年8月21日晚，在湘西州非物质文化遗产精品赠献暨世界纪录验证仪式上，世界纪录认证官菲利普·费文韬、张建等人宣布《凤凰古城雪景图》获得世界纪录。

In 2017, he made a good contribution to the 60th anniversary of Xiangxi by Fenghuang County, "Snow Scene of the Old City of Phoenix". The work is currently the largest in the world. On the evening of August 21, 2017, world record certifiers Philip Fei Wentao and Zhang Jian announced that Snow Scene of the Old City of Phoenix had won the world record at the ceremony of presenting and verifying the world record of intangible cultural heritage in Western Hunan.

2018年9月他受湖南省文化厅邀请，参加湖南-波兰、捷克非物质文化遗产交流周，获得了波兰、捷克国家领导的赞美和好评，也增进了世界人民对湘西苗族传统技艺和文化的了解。

In September 2018, he was invited by Hunan Provincial Department of Culture to participate in the Hunan-Poland and Czech Intangible Cultural Heritage Exchange week. He received praise from the leaders of Poland and Czech countries, and also enhanced the world’s understanding of the traditional skills and culture of the Miao People in Western Hunan.

二、非遗项目介绍

Introduction of intangible cultural heritage

凤凰苗族银饰手工技艺，是苗族最喜爱的民间传统工艺，主要用于苗族妇女的审美装饰，品种多样，色彩鲜艳，装饰系统全面，成为配合系列，体现其整体效应和整体装饰之美。从整个苗族银饰装饰表现方式来看，可分为头饰、面饰、颈饰、肩饰、胸饰、腰饰、臂饰、脚饰、手饰等几个部分。每一个部分的饰品件都有一二乃至多件以上组合，形成一个完整凝聚不可分割的整体。它的每一项组织都是通过精心设计的，把格调、韵味、情趣、审美意识融为一体，表现了高度的外观美和形式美。

Fenghuang Miao silver decoration handicraft is Miao's favorite traditional folk craft. It is mainly used for Miao women's aesthetic decoration. It has a variety of varieties, bright colors and comprehensive decoration system. It has become a matching series, reflecting its overall effect and the beauty of overall decoration. From the whole Miao silver decoration performance, it can be divided into headdress, facial decoration, neck decoration, shoulder decoration, chest decoration, waist decoration, arm decoration, footwear, hand decoration and other parts. Each part of the jewelry has a combination of two or more pieces, forming a complete cohesive and inseparable whole. Each of its parts is carefully designed to integrate style, charm, interest and aesthetic consciousness, showing a high degree of beauty in appearance and form.

头饰部位的装饰品有银凤冠、银花帽、银簪花、银发髻、梳山、空心花罩等多种装饰品。银凤冠和银花帽是头饰中的主要饰品，也是整套银饰系列之首，有龙头凤尾之美称。银凤冠和银花帽的制作复杂，使用的小件饰品少则达150余件，多则达200余件，工艺流程长，花费时间一般需要五天，复杂的需要六天。它是苗族银饰中的精品，价值高昂珍贵。

Headwear decorations include silver phoenix crown, silver cap, silver hairpin, silver bun, comb hill, hollow flower cover and other decorations. Silver phoenix crown and silver cap are the main jewelry in headwear. They are also the first in the whole series of silver jewelry. They are known as the dragon head and the phoenix tail. The manufacture of silver Phoenix crown and silver cap is complex. The use of small ornaments is less than 150 pieces and more than 200 pieces. The process is long. It usually takes five days, and the complexity takes six days. It is a fine Miao silver jewelry with high value.

颈饰部位的银饰品主要是银项链，又叫银项圈。银项圈的式样有轮圈、扁圈、盘圈、根圈几种。以轮圈、扁圈为最常见之饰品，制作一根银轮圈，需要花纯银一斤二两。苗族妇女在佩戴银项圈时，可以根据自己的喜好来选择戴之，一般戴一根，多的可达三根、五根或更多一些。但只能戴单数，不能出双数。

The silver jewelry in the neck part is mainly silver necklace. Silver necklace has wheel ring, flat ring, disc ring and root ring. The most common ornaments are rims and flat rings. To make a silver rim, you need to spend 0.6kg of pure silver. When Miao women wear silver collars, they can choose to wear them according to their preferences. Generally, they can wear one, with as many as three, five or more. But they can only wear singular numbers, not even numbers because Miao People like singular numbers.

银饰肩饰和胸饰部位主要有银披肩、银牌、银链、银铃、银小件饰品如牙扦、银大刀、银剑、银钩、银弓、银针筒等。

Silver shoulder ornaments and chest ornaments are mainly silver shawls, silver medals, silver chains, silver bells, small silver ornaments such as dental cuttings, silver knives, silver swords, silver hooks, silver bows, silver needle barrels, etc.

银饰的手、脚、腰饰部位，银饰品主要有银手钏、银手镯、银戒子、银钻花腰链、脚环等。佩戴时可以全部佩戴，也可以选择性的佩戴，根据自己的需要和喜好而定。

Silver ornaments are mainly silver bracelets, silver bracelets, silver rings, silver diamond waist chains, foot rings and so on. When wearing, you can wear them all or selectively, depending on your needs and preferences.

其他银饰项目佩件还有银耳环、银挖耳匙、银尾羽、银面罩、臂环等。苗族银饰花色品种多样，大小饰件齐全，精致美观，有极高的观赏价值和实用价值。

Other silver items include silver earrings, silver ear spoons, silver tail feathers, silver masks, arm rings, etc.Miao silver ornaments are of various kinds, complete in size and decoration, exquisite and beautiful, and have high ornamental value and practical value.

三、非遗作品介绍

Introduction of intangible cultural heritage works

锻造工艺手镯

Forging Bracelet

乳钉纹拉丝工艺手镯

Bracelet with Milk Nail Thread Drawing Process

平安锁

Safety Lock

平安锁是民族传统的吉祥物，它有保平安、长命百岁的寓意，它可以锁住孩子福气，让其不被病魔缠绕、祈求孩子健康成长，在民间佩戴平安锁便可借百家的福，辟凶趋吉、平安长大，是民间传统的护身符。

Safety lock is the mascot of national tradition. It has the meaning of keeping peace and longevity. It can lock children's happiness, keep them from being entangled by illness and pray for their healthy growth. Wearing safety lock among the people can borrow the blessings of hundreds of families to fight against evil and seek good luck and grow up safely. It is the talisman of folk tradition.

喜上眉梢拉丝手镯

Wire-drawn Bracelet with happiness

喜鹊是自古以来深受人们喜爱的鸟类，是好运与福气的象征，借喜鹊登上梅花枝头，寓意“喜上眉梢”、“双喜临门”、“喜报春先”。中国人对喜鹊的喜爱自古以来就传了下来，因此，能登上凌寒独自开、风韵高雅、傲骨铮铮的梅花枝头上的喜鹊，也就寓意着幸福美好即将来临。

Magpie is a popular bird since ancient times. It is a symbol of good luck and good fortune. Magpie’s climbing on the branches of plum blossoms implies "happy eyebrows", "double happiness knocking on doors", "happy spring broadcasting". Chinese people's love for magpies has been handed down since ancient times. Therefore, the Magpies on the branches of plum blossoms, elegant charm and strong bones imply that happiness is imminent.

平安鼓拉丝手镯

Peace Drum Wire-Drawing Bracelet

平安鼓是苗族最神圣的祭器，苗族视平安鼓为神灵的化身，苗族人们听到鼓声，纷纷围绕大鼓载歌载舞，尽情欢跳，它能辟邪驱魔，保人们人丁兴旺、五谷丰登、给人们带来祥和平安。

Peace drum is the most sacred sacrificial device of Miao people. Miao people regard peace drum as the incarnation of god. When they hear the drum, they sing and dance around the big drum. It can ward off and exorcise evil spirits, protect people from evil spirits, and bring peace and prosperity to people.

麒麟吊坠

Kirin Pendant

麒麟是中国传统瑞兽，性情非常温和，传说它能够辟邪、镇宅、传说它是尊贵的象征，又传说麒麟能够送子、并且它象征着忠贞的爱情，传说它能活两千年等等，麒麟因其深厚的文化内涵，在传统民俗礼仪中，被制成各种饰物送给人们佩戴，有祈福和安佑的用意，凡麒麟出没必有祥瑞。

Kirin is a traditional Chinese auspicious animal with a very gentle disposition. Legend has it that it can ward off evil spirits, town houses and it is a symbol of nobility. Also, legend has it that Kirin can bring people children and it symbolizes loyal love. What’s more, legend has it that it can live for two thousand years. Because of its profound cultural connotation, Kirin has been made into various ornaments in traditional folklore etiquette for people to wear with the purpose of praying. All Kirins are necessarily auspicious.

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