性爱机器人的法律问题

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来源｜煎蛋网（http://jandan.net/2017/07/25/sex-robots-2.html）

原题 | 如何看待性爱机器人

本文译自 japantoday，由译者 MiracleNatsu 基于创作共用协议(BY-NC)发布。

原文链接：http://jandan.net/2017/07/25/sex-robots-2.html

巴塞罗那—西班牙科学家Sergi Santos在阳光明媚的巴塞罗那丘陵郊区的房中，骄傲的看着在他客厅休息的五位穿着超短裤和背心的丰满女人。但是靠近点看可以明显的看出他们并不是真正的女人，而是一些带着假发的硅胶性爱玩偶—Santos认为它们不仅可以带给他经济收益而且这些玩偶可以在妓院上班并有效打击性产业。

“你好啊，莎曼莎，”Santos一边说着一边开启了其中一个娃娃。“我在这儿，怎么了吗？”机器人开口说道，它的蓝色眼睛明亮但却没有无神，一根电缆正插在它的脖子上给它的大脑(电脑处理器)充能。

人工智能(AI)正在进入全球的性市场，同时带来的还有机器人的“sextech”革命，旨在提供具有接近人类触感的性满足。

但是性爱机器人的发展有了分歧—像Santos这样的发明家们认为，性爱机器人可以取代妓女，减少人口贩卖还能帮助一些孤独的人，而批评者则认为这是反妇女行为，这样会使性别歧视和强奸文化正常化。

39岁的Santos于2015年成立了Synthea Amatus，在经过两年的开发之后，他目标在接下来的几星期内开始销售他的性爱机器人，每个大概2000美元。

“我已经准备好了，你呢？我希望你也准备好了，我喜欢跟你在一起，”巨乳机器人回答道，而Santos的老婆此时正在家里的办公桌上办公。

像Santos这样的机器人专家还有那些来自美国Abyss Creations公司的员工们正在竞争成为世界上第一个使用AI技术将性爱机器人引入消费市场的人。

大型公司(像Abyss Creations)的性爱机器人将在10000美元起售—价钱取决于机器人附带的额外功能。

专家说，这些日用型机器人会引起一系列需要决策者和公众考虑的复杂问题，包括是否应该鼓励使用这些手段来遏制卖淫和性交易，性犯罪以及帮助残障人士。

机器人妓院

伦敦的AI研究员David Levy在他于2007年写的书《爱与性与机器人》中预测到，到2055年，人类将会和机器人做爱，甚至会嫁给机器人。

“性爱机器人只是提供一种选择”随着科技的进步，全球的妓院将会由机器人妓女组成，Levy表示，就像大多数的消费电子产品(比如笔记本电脑和手机)一样，性爱机器人的成本将会下降—造价会比支付被人类妓女的钱要少。

他相信当和机器人做爱的芥蒂消除的时候，机器人可以有效的打击性产业。

“随着性爱机器人的到来，可能会降低性工作者的人数和性交易的普及度，如果真有这样的效果，那么人口贩卖也将会减少。”Levy在接受汤姆森路透基金会采访时说道。

“我认为人类和机器人做爱不会受到伤害，所以我认机器人妓院不仅应该合法化而且应该大力推广来减少性交易。”

根据澳大利亚权益组织“自由基金会”调查的2016年全球奴隶制指数，全球有将近4600万的人口作为奴隶生活着，他们被迫干活，卖淫，陷入债役或者奴役

Santos说，拥有一个性爱机器人可以减少嫖娼，从而打击性交易。

管理和控制

然而，反对性爱机器人的伦理学家和创始人凯瑟琳却不同意这个说法。她同意性爱机器人可能会遏制性交易的说法，但是她也表示，性爱机器人很有可能和人类妓女一起成为“菜单上的选择”。

研究机器人十多年的德蒙特福特大学学者理查森则表示“性爱机器人不会减少性交易，而是会成为已经扭曲人性和非人性化的性消费市场菜单上的另一道菜”。

在性交易中，比起如何控制和主宰另一个人，从强奸中获得乐趣，还有更为阴险恶毒的内情，理查森认为，性爱玩偶和机器人甚至可能会带来危险—可能会用作为代理人来满足强奸和恋童癖的幻想。她说道：“给一个想要强奸孩子的人一个可以实现他幻想的娃娃是很危险的，在社会广泛推广这个想法绝对是不负责任的行为。”

救助性贩卖幸存者的英国救助军表示他们坚决反对使用性爱机器人，因为它鼓励人们去控制另一个人。

慈善组织“反人口贩卖的奴隶制”部门的Kathy Taylor说道：“被贩卖的人口被认为是商品，我们并不认为和机器人做爱就会减少这种事的发生。”

但是Santos同时也致力于开发男性机器人，他仍然坚持认为性爱机器人可能是社会收益—可以减少女同，男同和双性恋者，可以有效的预防性疾病的传播以及能够帮助AI技术发展。他说道：“技术总是这样的：有人反对，有人支持，但是最终如果以正确的方式去开发技术，那么人类总会得到很多好处。”

网友评论：

alpha_boy ：广州好多年前就有了，据说是山寨范爷等明星的。一开始Police叔叔们查封了几次，不知道能适用啥法律，又解封了。后来关门了，因为侵犯了范爷等人的肖像权。火狐吧里有人说，大学附近有人散发传单，租用上万块的高仿真日本实体娃娃，100块一次，出租方负责送货上门和消毒服务。另外想了一下，假设因为我自己和机器人SEX过，就会有女友和机器人SEX过同等待遇的话，那又不可怕，无非是女友用过按摩棒罢了，肯定比女友和真人SEX过好接受多了。真正的麻烦是，在基因美容技术成熟以前，大家都被机器人养高了审美临界值，看不上普通相貌的真人，但自己也不是帅哥美女，高不成低不就……最后没兴趣和真人结婚生孩子，然后社会的总出生率下降了，人类就面临年轻人过少的危机了。

luyisi：只希望尽快成立善待机器人组织，这些机器人太可怜了，被人类残忍奴役和蹂躏。

S丶：我想知道在国内开一个娃娃店的话算不算组织卖淫？

开你妹的玩笑：不知是小学还是初中，英语课本里那篇女主人迷恋上实验机器人、最后迫于伦理分开的小说片段，记忆犹新。

这…… ：为了体验的真实，最后机器人们会越来越接近人类，之后不管是啪啪专用还是劳动专用，都会变成压榨机器人的权利。机器人之后会像西部世界那样奋起反抗，最后人类同意承认机器人的人权…………到那时，谁会想到人类最初只是想要搞一个更刺激的飞机杯，这样天真无邪的愿望罢了。

赖猫咯：大禹治水讲了堵不如疏，水和欲望也是真是存在需要释放，总有些道德婊，不见他们去解放红灯区倒是先把减少性工作者的性机器人批判一番，和动物保护组织相得益彰。

dogisacat：只有男女性性爱机械人都发展良好，人类才能真正距越性别之别，去真正讨论性爱机械人的伦理问题。你觉得和女性性爱机械人交配很正常时，也要想想你的女性朋友，可能是你将来伴侣的人，也可能曾经和男性性爱机械人交配。

Sex robots: Perverted or practical?

By Lin Taylor BARCELONA

In the hilly outskirts of sunny Barcelona, Spanish scientist Sergi Santos looks proudly over what appears to be five busty women in tiny shorts and tank tops perched around his living room.

But look a little closer and it is clear they are not women but silicone sex dolls with wigs and artificial brains that Santos believes will not only earn him money but may also be used to staff brothels and help combat sex trafficking.

"Hi Samantha," Santos said, switching on one of his dolls.

"I'm here, what's up?" the robot replied, its bright blue eyes staring into nothing as a cable plugged into its neck charges the computer processor in its "brain".

Artificial intelligence (AI) is making its way into the global sex market, bringing with it a revolution in robotic"sextech" designed to offer sexual gratification with a near-human touch.

But the arrival of sex robots has divided opinion. Inventors like Santos argue they can potentially replace prostitutes, reduce sex trafficking and help lonely people, while critics say they objectify women and normalise sexism and rape culture.

"Get sexy," instructed Santos, 39, who founded Synthea Amatus in 2015 and aims to start selling his sex robots in coming weeks, starting from about \$2,000 each.

"I'm ready, what about you? I hope you are. I enjoy being with you, always," the big-breasted robot replied, while Santos' wife Maritsa Kissamitaki works at a desk in their home office.

Roboticists like Santos and those from U.S.-based Abyss Creations are racing to become the first in the world to bring sex robots - which talk and respond to touch through AI technology - to the consumer market.

Sex robots at bigger companies like Abyss Creations will start from about \$10,000 depending on added extras.

Experts say the increasingly life-like robots raise complex issues that should be considered by policymakers and the public including whether use of such devices should be encouraged to curb prostitution and sex trafficking, for sex offenders, or for people with disabilities.

ROBOT BROTHELS

London-based AI researcher David Levy predicted in his 2007 book "Love and Sex with Robots" that humans would have sex, fall in love and even marry robots by 2050.

"I don't see anything wrong in using a sex robot to provide sexual satisfaction to people who can't achieve it in relationships with other humans. It's much better for lonely and miserable people than no sex at all," he said.

"Sex robots are just providing an alternative."

As the technology advances, brothels in global cities will be staffed by robot prostitutes, says Levy, and like most consumer electronics, such as laptops and mobile phones, the cost of sex robots will drop - to the point where it will be cheaper than paying for a human prostitute.

He believes as the stigma of having sex with robots wears off, robotics could disrupt the sex trafficking industry.

"The advent of sex robots will probably reduce the popularity of having sex with a sex worker. And if it's going to have that effect, it will also reduce sex trafficking," Levy said in an interview with the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

"I don't see that anybody can possibly be harmed by people having sex with robots, so I think that the idea of a robot brothel should not only be legal it should probably be encouraged in order to reduce sex trafficking."

Globally, nearly 46 million live as slaves, forced to work, sold for sex, trapped in debt bondage or born into servitude, according to the 2016 Global Slavery Index by Australia-based rights group Walk Free Foundation.

Santos said owning a sex robot could lead to fewer people visiting prostitutes which would combat sex trafficking.

"Should you be trafficking humans? I think it's obvious - no. So what we should do is stop that, and make people spend the money on the doll," he said.

POWER AND CONTROL

However ethicist and founder of the Campaign Against Sex Robots Kathleen Richardson disagrees that sex robots will curb sex trafficking but says they will be another "option on the menu" alongside human prostitutes.

She said comparing prostitutes to robots was dehumanising and the sexual objectification of women through sex dolls was also problematic.

"I don't think sex robots will reduce sex trafficking. It will just become another option on the menu for an already distorted and dehumanised commercial market," said Richardson, an academic at De Montfort University who has been studying robotics for more than a decade.

"There's something more insidious going on in sex trafficking about how you control and dominate another human being - and the pleasure you derive from rape."

Richardson said sex dolls and robots could even be dangerous, used as proxies to act out fantasies like rape or pedophilia.

"Giving someone who wants to rape children and fantasises about that a doll with orifices that he can penetrate is ... dangerous. It's absolutely, extraordinarily irresponsible to promote that idea in wider society," she said.

The Salvation Army in Britain, which supports survivors of sex trafficking, said it opposed the use of sex robots because it rewards people for exerting control over another.

"Trafficked people are being seen as a commodity and we don't think that sex with a robot is going to reduce that," said Kathy Taylor from the charity's Anti-Trafficking and Modern Slavery unit.

"The reason some people purchase sex is because it can be a power dynamic in itself. And if you can buy a robot, does that not normalise this distorted power dynamic?"

But Santos, who aims to develop male robots as well, said sex robots had the potential to benefit society - from helping closeted lesbian, gay and bisexual people, to preventing sexually transmitted diseases, and progressing AI technology.

"Technology is always like that: people are against it, people are for it. But eventually, if you develop technology in the right way, you'll always have many benefits for people," he said.

智豪律师，只做刑案：

本文来自于煎蛋网，原文链接：http://jandan.net/2017/07/25/sex-robots-2.html。

本文译自 japantoday，由译者 MiracleNatsu 基于创作共用协议(BY-NC)发布。

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