商船船长谈预防索马里海盗的经验

Attention: these experience cann’t absolute to resist attack/hijacked of piracy but they can increase the crew’ self confidence.

注意：这些经验不能绝对防止海盗攻击/劫持，但能增加船员的自信心。

I, the master signed off from ocean going vessel GREAT SUMMIT which belong to korea CIDO shipping, and passing Gulf of Aden from 16/sep/2008 to 18/sep/2008. The following is the experience of anti armed piracy in Gulf of Aden when our vessel passing mentioned area, which is a good experience for all ocean going vessels that will passing Gulf of Aden.

我是一名远洋船长，刚从韩国CIDO所属GREAT SUMMIT轮休假，我们在今年九月十六到九月十八经过亚丁弯。如下是我们经过亚丁弯防武装海盗的经验，这对于那些将过亚丁弯的远洋船员是一个很好的借鉴。

1．Passage plan（航路计划）

A. To adjust time of passing danger area --调整经过最危险区域的时间（调整ETA）

When passing Gulf of Aden, try to passing the utmost danger area in the night. As we know, the piracies in this area always arm with auto gun/weapon, and if in the night, they are not familiar with the situation of the vessel as long as all lights of the vessel are off. Therefore, in this area about 80% accidents are happened in day time. (This is different from these anti-piracy manners when the piracies don’t arm with auto gun/weapon but with knife).

当经过亚丁弯时，尽可能调整到晚上时间经过最危险的地方。众所周知，亚丁弯的海盗有很先进的武器，如果在晚上他们登轮，我们只要将所有灯熄灭他们将很难熟悉我们的地形。因此，在这一区域有80%的海盗事故发生在白天。（这种方法不同于其他地区防海盗，如果那些地区的海盗无先进武器只有小刀，象马六甲防盗要在白天过最危险区域是上策。）

B. The utmost danger area—最危险的区域

Reference to the accidents that have happened, we found that the utmost danger areas include the west and east of patrol area, and the area near the port of Aden.

参照以往事故发生的地方，我们发现最危险的区域是海军巡航区域的东部和西部以及亚丁港附近。

C. Setting the reasonable route—设计合理的航路

According to my experience, the best route is about 8-10 miles north or south of cruise area. Now nearly all vessels passing Gulf of Aden through cruise area, and the out area nearly have no vessels. It is the reason that the piracy vessels don’t wait in the area out the cruise area. In addition, too many high speed small boats and about 70% of them are piracy boats in the cruise area, some of them were used to watch on the war ship and commerce ship. And about 70% accidents happened in cruise area. Therefore, I remind that the best route is 8-10 miles in the south or north of cruise area ( Remember: don’t exceed 15miles, otherwise you can’t get support from war ship promptly when encounter piracy). At the time when I passing the outside of the cruise area on 16-18/sep/2008, there is nearly no small boats in that area. However, once you find small the boats proceeding to you or surround you, you must keep high attention and contact with war ship right now.

In the cruise area, there are too many small high speed vessels. I think that, among them, 70% is piracy boat or used to provide information for piracy boat. Because of no commerce vessels passing the outside area, no piracy boats wait there. However, If this experience understand by all captains, the outside of cruise area will not safe no longer.

根据我的经验，最好的航路是在巡航区域南或北8-10海里处。（记住，不要超过15海里，否则在遇到海盗时不能得到军舰的及时支持）。在16-18/AUG/2008，我们航行在巡航区域8-10海里处几乎没有小渔船/疑似海盗船。然而，一旦在这区域发现小船只向你靠近或在周围要引起警戒或报告军舰。

在海军巡航区域内有大量的高速小船或疑似海盗船。我认为此处有70%的小船是海盗船或海盗的望风船。但是，在巡航区域外几乎没有小船/海盗船，因为自从有了海军推荐航线大都商船都走推荐航线而在推荐航线外几乎没有商船经过，所以也没有傻海盗在那里等船。可是，如果这一经验被所有船长知道，巡航区域外将不再安全。

2．Self protect manner(自我保护措施)

A. Using all kinds of manners to keep a sharp lookout at all times when passing Gulf of Aden. —过亚丁弯时，在任何时侯都要用各种手段进行有效正规了望。

B. To establish high voltage power net—建立高压电网

Using naked steel/brass wire to surround the vessel and insulate product linked to the naked wire with hand rail, the naked wire was connected with high voltage power (such as 240v/380v), which can reduce the chance of piracy climbing up from sea side.

用裸露的铁/铜线围绕船舶布置一周，用绝缘材料将裸线连接到船舷栏杆上，将高压电连接到裸线上。这中方法能降低海盗登轮的机会。

C. To make fire gun—制造喷火枪

Using paint spray guns to connect with compress air and use paint thinner instead of paint. Meanwhile, making some torches and keeping being on fire in order to light the paint gun. When small boat approaching to your vessel, using fire gun to blow out long fire and show this to piracy boat. When he piracy find this long fire, they will be fear and give up attacking you.

用油漆喷枪和压缩空气连接，喷枪内用油漆稀料代替油漆。同时，做一些火把并保持燃烧着以用来点喷火枪。当有小船靠近你船时，用喷火枪喷出长约7-10米的火龙给海盗船看，海盗船看到有长火龙也会感到害怕并放弃追逐你轮。

D. To collect all kinds of small steel products, such as shackles/clips/small products on two sides of bridge’s wing deck and used for throwing to pricy once pricy climb on board. —收集各种各样的小铁块如卸扣/卡拉母等放在驾驶台两翼甲板，一旦有海盗船靠近或登轮就用这些小铁块投向海盗。

E. To prepare all line through guns/fire rocking/smoking signals/red fire signals and used for menacing piracy. —准备所有抛绳枪/火箭降落伞/红火焰信号弹以用来恐吓海盗。

F. To prepare all fire hose and keeping water spring. —准备所有消防水龙并保持出水。

G. Training all crews include all deck officer about how to do when found some high speed boats in doubt. and the emergency procedure of find piracy boat including: —训练所有船员包括驾驶员关于发现高速可疑小艇以及发现海盗的处理程序,包括：

(1)how to emergency report to captain; (2) how to give alarms to all crews; (3) how to give alert to war ship/IMB/CSO…use all kinds of manners; (4) how to keep on watch using all kinds of manners.

(1)怎样紧急报告船长。（2）怎样给所有船员报警 （3）怎样用各种手段/方法向军舰/海盗中心/公司保安员报告……（4）怎样用各种方法保持了望。

H. Making some burn bottle : using glasses bottle and filled with paint thinner, at the bottle mouth filled with cotton wadding. —制作一些燃烧瓶：用玻璃瓶装上油漆稀料，在瓶口用棉沙堵住。

I. Each crew must have some arms : steel pipe, knife. —每个船员必须有一些武器，如铁管/小刀。

Each crew cabin should prepare some ropes, which are used for escaping when crews are backstoped by the piracy at the cabin and crews can use this rope escape from window.

每个船员房间准备一根绳。当海盗登轮并且将船员堵在房间，此绳用来从窗户逃生。

J. All water tide door/window and other door in accommodation should make inside lock and be sure nearly can not open from out side. When navigate in dangerous area can be sure all door locked only one entrance for deck patrol crew final coming in, and when the final crew come in, he shouldn’t forget close the door from inside. —生活区的所有门/水密门/窗必须做内插削并确保从外几乎不能打开。当航行在危险区域时要将以上门窗从内锁死，只留一个通道用来给甲板巡逻船员撤进生活区，最后撤进的船员不要忘记从内锁死。

3．To decide a final escape route and an area for protecting crew and to be sure that when piracy come on board, they can’t maneuver and hijack the vessel to Somalia.(确定一个最后的逃生路线和一个可以保护船员的区域，当海盗登轮后确保海盗不能操纵船舶开往索马里)

A. When we passing Gulf of Aden , we use engine room act as final crew protect area. All doors to engine room are changed into the steel door if these doors are not steel product, all these doors are made inside lock ,then these doors can been closed from inside and cannot be opened from outside.

我们过亚丁弯时用机舱作为船员最后的堡垒。所有通往机舱的门如果不是铁质门，我们都将它换成铁质门。所有门都做了牢固的内插销能够从里面锁上而不能从外面打开。

B. When we find piracy, all crews concentrate on bridge or two side wing deck. If we cannot prevent piracy boarding the vessel, all crew final escape to engine room from the funnel door at the back of bridge and close this door inside.

当我们发现海盗时，所有船员将集中在驾驶台或两冀甲板。如果不能阻止海登船，所有船员将从驾驶台后面的烟囱门进机舱并从里面锁上此门。

C. To stop main engine from engine room and the result is that piracy can not control and hijack the vessel;

在机舱内停下主机，这样海盗就不能在驾驶台控制操纵船舶也就不能劫持船舶，或；

D. No need to stop main engine, to control steering gear and to maneuver the vessel in steering room. Keeping on watch at the top of funnel and report the situation about steering gear room.

无须停主机，船员在舵机房操应急舵，让一名船员在烟囱顶部了望（从烟囱内部上去，我们烟囱外无梯子）并用对讲机告诉舵机房周围情况。

E. To prepare some alert system in engine room such as EPIRB/two way VHF. Crew can continue give alert at engine room and wait war ship coming even if piracies have boarded on the vessel and controlled the bridge but the engine room haven’t be controlled. When we pass Gulf of Aden, our duty officer use bag loading EPIRB and two way VHF, who always keeps this bag on hand.

准备一些报警设备在机舱如：应急示位标/双向高頩等。这样即使海盗登轮控制驾驶台但不能控制机舱，船员仍然可以继续报警并在机舱等待救援。

我们过亚丁弯时，当班驾驶员随身背一个包，包里放EPIRB/two way VHF，一旦海盗轮，背着包到机舱，然后在烟囱顶部发射警报。

F. Connect one GPS to engine room. In this situation, even if the piracy control the bridge, we can still continue navigate and control the vessel in engine room/steering gear room.

连接一台GPS到机舱。此种情况下如果海盗登轮控制驾驶台我们仍然可以继续在机舱及舵机房开船。

G. Using steel plate or second wire close all outside accommodation ladder for the purpose that it can delay the piracy to control the bridge when they come on board, furthermore, the crew have enough time to escape to the engine room.

为了在海盗登轮后拖延其控制驾驶台的时间以达到给船员足够时间撤向机舱的目的，用铁板或旧钢丝绳将生活区外的楼梯全部封死。

H. Using smoking signal lashing at the hand rail of each accommodation ladder and connecting the start up ring to the bridge by rope. To start all smoking signal to shield crew escaping to the engine room when the piracy come on board.

用烟雾信号绑在生活区外楼梯的栏杆上，将烟雾信号的启动板机用绳连接到驾驶台集中控制。一旦海岛登轮立刻启动所有烟雾信号以达到掩护船员撤离的目的。

I. To disconnect the fixed CO2 start up line (include in fire station) and to close CO2 discharge valve to engine room. The aim of closing and wielding the door of the CO2 room is  to prevent piracy discharging CO2 into engine room when piracy finding crew shelter in engine room.

拆下大型固定CO2的启动瓶控制管路（包括消防站的），关闭CO2到机舱的释放阀，将CO2的门电焊焊死。此措施的目的是为了防止海盗发现船员躲藏在机后，向机舱释放CO2。

J. Among these manners, if piracy can’t approach crew and can’t control the vessel, they will leave in one or two hours. Due to our continuing to give alert, the war ship will come no more than two hours.

以上方法中，如果海盗不能接近船员并且不能控制船舶，并且由于我们不停的报警，军舰最多两个小时就会到，所以过一两个小时海盗将会离去。

4．Sincere advise(诚恳的忠告)

Anyway, once piracy have boarded the vessel and crew have being hijacked, I recommend that we can’t fight with the piracy unless they have threatened to the crew’s life.

总之，一旦船只和船员已被海盗劫持，我建议在不危及船员生命安全时不要与海盗搏斗。