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在初中英语语法中,非谓语动词是考试必考重难点,单选、完形、书面表达高频出镜,其中动词不定式、原形do、ing形式的用法辨析,更是很多同学的易错重灾区。
很多同学刷题全靠语感,遇到混搭考点就出错,今天给大家整理一套超清晰、零基础能懂、直接套用的完整版用法汇总,建议收藏保存,考前冲刺直接背!
一、动词不定式(to do)核心用法:时态+语态完整版
动词不定式基本结构:to +动词原形,核心作用:补充说明动作,不受主语人称、时态影响,主要区分时态(动作先后)和语态(主动/被动)。
1.不定式三种时态(看动作和谓语动词的时间关系)
✅一般式to do(最常用)
用法:动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在之后
例句:She wants to go to Paris.她想去巴黎。(想去、后续去,动作同步/延后)
例句:He hopes to pass the exam.他希望通过考试。(通过在希望之后)
✅进行式to be doing
用法:强调谓语动词发生时,动作正在进行中
例句:She seems to be crying.她似乎正在哭。(看似的同时,正在哭)
例句:He pretended to be sleeping.他假装正在睡觉。(假装的同时,动作正在进行)
✅完成式to have done
用法:动作在谓语动词之前已经完成
例句:I’m glad to have met you.很高兴认识你。(认识动作先于开心)
例句:He seems to have left.他似乎已经离开了。(离开动作先于看似)
2.不定式两种语态(看主语和动作的关系)
✅主动语态to do
用法:主语是动作的执行者
例句:He wants to write a book.他想写一本书。(他主动写)
✅被动语态to be done
用法:主语是动作的承受者
例句:The book needs to be written carefully.这本书需要认真撰写。(书被写)
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3.时态+语态完整对照表(考试必背)
不定式时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done
to have been done
例句1(一般被动):The letter is to be sent tomorrow.这封信将于明天寄出。
例句2(完成被动):The report seems to have been finished.这份报告似乎已经完成了。
二、必考固定搭配:三类用法精准区分
初中90%的非谓语错题,都出自这三类搭配!直接分类背诵,不用死记硬背,一眼判断答案。
1.只接doing(动名词)的高频短语
核心规律:介词后、固定习惯搭配,一律用ing形式
•finish doing sth.做完某事
•be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
•be good at / do well in doing sth.擅长做某事
•mind doing sth.介意做某事
•how about / what about doing sth.做某事怎么样
•practice doing sth.练习做某事
•find sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事
•spend (time/money) (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事
•have fun (in) doing sth.做某事很开心
•be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣
•enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
•thanks for doing sth.感谢做某事
•(can’t) stand doing sth.(不能)忍受做某事
•have difficulty/trouble doing sth.做某事有困难
•be against doing sth.反对做某事
•consider doing sth.考虑做某事
•be worth doing sth.值得做某事
•prefer doing to doing sth.比起做某事,更喜欢做另一件事
•keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事
•feel like doing sth.想要做某事
•be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
•have a hard time doing sth.做某事很吃力
•make a living (by) doing sth.靠做某事谋生
•look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事
•stop sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事
•end up doing sth.以做某事告终
•can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
•have experience doing sth.做某事有经验
•appreciate doing sth.感激做某事
•miss doing sth.错过做某事
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2.只接do(动词原形)的高频短语
核心规律:使役动词、情态句式、固定建议句型,后接原形
•would you please do sth.请问你可以做某事吗
•let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
•make sb. do sth.让某人做某事
•have sb. do sth.让某人做某事
•had better do sth.最好做某事
•had better not do sth.最好不要做某事
•why not do sth. = why don’t you do sth.为什么不做某事
•would rather do…than do…宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事
3.只接to do(动词不定式)的高频短语
核心规律:大部分意愿、计划、命令、情感类动词,后接不定式
•want (sb.) to do sth.想要(让某人)做某事
•would like to do sth.想要做某事
•try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事
•expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事
•can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事
•plan to do sth.计划做某事
•ask sb. (not) to do sth.要求/让某人(不)做某事
•tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不)做某事
•invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
•be sure to do sth.务必/确信做某事
•It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.到(某人)做某事的时间了
•be supposed to do sth.应该做某事
•encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
•decide to do sth. = make one’s mind to do sth.决定做某事
•fear to do sth.害怕做某事
•be going to do sth.打算做某事
•It’s + adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth.做某事(对某人)是……的
•be surprised to do sth.做某事感到惊讶
•used to do sth.过去常常做某事
•be able to do sth.能够做某事
•wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事
•hope to do sth.希望做某事
•pretend to do sth.假装做某事
•have an opportunity to do sth.有机会做某事
•make a decision to do sth.做决定做某事
•in order to do sth.为了做某事
•go out of one’s way to do sth.特地、不辞辛苦做某事
•be willing to do sth.乐意做某事
•It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
•warn sb. (not) to do sth.提醒/警告某人(不)做某事
•too…to do sth.太……而不能……
•It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
•learn to do sth.学习做某事
•begin/start to do sth.开始做某事
•allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
•…enough to do sth.足够……可以做某事
三、重难点混搭辨析:do / doing / to do均可(必考易错)
这部分是单选、完形高频坑点,核心不是死背,是看懂句意差异!
•help sb. do / to do sth.帮助某人做某事(两者无明显区别,通用)
•like / love / hate to do / doing✅ doing:长期、习惯性喜好 ✅ to do:某次、具体临时的喜好
•start / begin to do / doing通用,无严格区分,可互换
•remember to do / doing✅ remember to do记得要做某事(未做)✅ remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
•forget to do / doing✅ forget to do忘记要做某事(未做) ✅ forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)
•stop to do / doing✅ stop to do停下来(手头的事)去做另一件事 ✅ stop doing停止正在做的这件事
•prefer to do…than do…宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事
•need to do / doing✅ need to do主动:需要做某事 ✅ need doing被动:某物需要被做
•see / watch / notice / hear sb. do / doing✅ do:看到/听到动作全过程、经常性动作 ✅ doing:看到/听到动作正在进行中
四、学霸总结:3条秒杀解题口诀
1.介词后面必ing(at/in/for/about/from/to等)
2.使役情态不带to(let/make/have/would rather/why not后用原形)
3.意愿计划多to do(want/plan/hope/decide等大多接不定式)
动词非谓语是初中英语的语法基石,不仅单独出题,还直接影响作文句式的正确率。不用盲目刷题,把这份汇总吃透,分清do/doing/to do的用法差异,考试这类题型基本可以满分!
建议大家保存收藏,每天花10分钟背诵,错题对照清单复盘,轻松攻克语法难点✨
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奇速故事记单词+时文阅读+答题技巧(真人1v1陪练)
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