医生提醒：父母有这5个症状千万别拖，可能是中风前兆

昨天凌晨，急诊室送来一位65岁的患者。家属说，老人下午就觉得右手有点麻，没当回事，以为是睡姿不对压着了。晚上吃饭时筷子掉了两次，还是坚持“歇歇就好”。等到夜里想起来上厕所，整个人直接从床边滑下去，右边身子完全动不了了。

CT显示：缺血性脑卒中。溶栓窗口，已经过了。

神经内科医生放下片子，说了一句我这些年听过太多次的话：“其实下午那些信号，已经是身体在拼命报警了。”

中风从来不是突然来的。它来之前，会给信号。问题不在于信号弱，而在于太容易被当成“累了”“没睡好”“年纪大了”。

今天想和你认真说说，哪些症状一旦出现，必须立刻、马上、一分钟都不要等。

一、一侧面部或肢体的“失灵”

很多家属描述病情时喜欢用“有点没力气”。医生追问：是整只手都没劲，还是单纯拿东西不稳？

中风导致的肢体障碍，几乎都是单侧的。

让老人平举双臂，闭眼坚持10秒。如果一侧手臂明显下落，或者一侧手掌无法保持朝上、不自觉向内翻转，这就是肌力下降的客观证据。面部也是一样——笑一下，嘴角是不是歪的？额纹是否一边深一边浅？

不要问“你感觉怎么样”。感觉是会骗人的。要看动作。

二、语言的“卡壳”

不是说话变慢，是突然的、没有规律的字词障碍。

有的老人会突然叫不出熟悉物品的名字，指着筷子说“那个，吃饭的”；有的会突然听不懂别人说话，眼睛看着你，表情茫然；还有的，自己意识不到自己说错了。

最容易被忽视的一种：突然不说话。家人以为是生气了、心情不好，其实是语言中枢供血中断。

试试这个：让老人复述一句完整的俗语，比如“下雨天留客”。不是要说得有多标准，要看能不能连贯、完整地说出来。

三、单眼突然发黑

眼底血管是脑血管的“晴雨表”。

一过性黑蒙，形象的说法是：像窗帘拉下来一样，一只眼睛突然看不见，几秒或几分钟后又恢复。

因为症状消失得太快，绝大多数人不会为“已经好了”的症状去医院。恰恰相反——短暂性脑缺血发作后，一个月内发生真正脑梗的风险极高。这不是虚惊一场，是最后的机会。

不需要眼科会诊。直接去神经内科。

四、剧烈头痛伴随呕吐

不是所有中风都静悄悄。蛛网膜下腔出血起病时，头痛程度堪称人生之最。

病人会形容：这辈子没这么疼过。炸裂样、雷击样，同时可能喷射性呕吐。这种呕吐与肠胃无关，是颅内压增高直接刺激呕吐中枢。

此时测血压，往往高得惊人。不要喂止痛药，不要喂水喂饭，保持侧卧防止呕吐物窒息，立刻送医。

五、眩晕与步态异常

突然觉得天旋地转，站不稳，走路向一侧偏斜。

这里有一个极简鉴别法：眩晕分两种，一种耳朵问题引起的，通常伴有耳鸣、听力下降，转头时加重；另一种是小脑或脑干缺血引起的，单纯眩晕，没有任何耳部症状，且可能伴有言语含糊或肢体无力。

后一种，是中风。

当症状不止一个时

上述五个症状，单独出现就足以拉响警报。如果同时出现两个以上，比如“口齿不清+一侧无力”，或者“眩晕+视物重影”，不是概率问题，是确诊问题。

中风急救，唯一正确的做法

没有任何家庭疗法可以替代溶栓。扎手指放血，会延误抢救；喂安宫牛黄丸，如果患者吞咽功能已受损，会引起窒息；等天亮、等孩子下班、等周末结束，等来的可能是终身残疾。

时间就是大脑。脑细胞在缺血状态下，每分钟死亡190万个。晚到一分钟，康复的希望就多一分渺茫。

不需要专家号，不需要找熟人，不需要等床。去急诊，直接说四个字：“怀疑中风。”绿色通道会自动启动。

父母老了。他们习惯了隐忍，习惯了“没事”，习惯了不想给子女添麻烦。你问他们怎么样，他们永远说好。

所以你不能只靠问。你要看，要试，要在他们试图掩饰的时候认真辨认。

那些“缓一缓就好”的症状，很多缓不过去。而你能做的，不是在病床前后悔，是在信号出现的那一刻，拉起他们就走。

请把这篇文章转给所有你关心的人。有些知识，用不上最好；但需要的时候，必须在脑子里。

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