如果你练口语练过“建筑”相关话题,那么你大概率会遇到一个问题:不知道怎么用英语表达“小区”。
出现这一困惑是正常的,因为“小区”完全是一个中国特色事物,在英语国家根本找不到对等的概念。
国内的小区通常是统一规划的大规模封闭居住区,以高楼为主,内部有专用道路,并且通常带有花园和底商。
国外虽然也有公寓楼,但它们基本都是单体楼或者小规模建筑群,而且都是开放式的,没有围墙。
一些人将“小区”翻译成community,但这一说法并不准确,因为community强调的是“人”的概念,它的意思更加接近于“群体,团体”。
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那么“小区”应该如何翻译呢?前两个月国内刚好有一条新闻:“十四五”期间全国城镇老旧小区改造惠及1.1亿人。
新华社也进行了报道,标题是:
China's renovation projects for old residential compounds benefit over 110 million since 2021: minister
正文还有这样的句子:
More than 110 million Chinese people have benefited from the country's large-scale renovation projects for old residential compounds during the 14th Five-Year Plan period…
将“小区”翻译成了residential compound,这一译法是比较准确的。
《剑桥词典》对compound的定义是:
an area surrounded by fences or walls which contains a group of buildings
单词指的是“一片围起来的区域”,residential compound即“围起来的居民楼”,比较接近小区的定义。
外媒也用过这个词,比如ABC News前两年在报道北京的降温天气时有这样的句子:
However, some residential compounds will still be affected during the device maintenance period, the media reports said.
这里用residential compounds来指北京的小区。
除了这一说法,“小区”也可以翻译成 apartment complex。
《柯林斯词典》对它的解释是是:
An apartment complex is a group of buildings that contain apartments and are managed by the same company.
这个定义也比较符合国内“小区”的定义。
前几年有老外专门在国外论坛Reddit上面提问说中国的小区应该怎么说:
下面最高赞的美国人有这样的回答:
If you mean one of the groups of apartment buildings all under the same name, I would call that an 'apartment complex'.
YouTube上面有一对外国博主夫妇住在杭州,他们在介绍自己小区时用的词也是apartment complex。
此外,如果要表达“我住在XX小区”,我们可以直接说:I live in XX,然后做进一步解释。比如“我住在天通苑小区”,用英文可以说:I live in Tiantongyuan, a huge apartment complex in Beijing.
如果是要表达“街区”,可以用一个词:neighbourhood,它的意思相当于:
the area of a town that surrounds someone's home, or the people who live in this area
比如:They live in a wealthy neighbourhood. 他们住在一个富裕的街区。
来源:英文悦读
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