世卫组织关于美国退出通知的声明

世卫组织关于美国退出通知的声明

作为世界卫生组织（WHO）的创始成员国之一，美利坚合众国为世卫组织诸多重大成就作出了重要贡献，包括根除天花，并在应对脊髓灰质炎、艾滋病毒（HIV）、埃博拉、流感、结核病、疟疾、被忽视的热带病、抗微生物药物耐药性、食品安全等众多公共卫生威胁方面取得了显著进展。

因此，世卫组织对美国通知退出世卫组织深表遗憾——这一决定使美国自身和全世界都变得更加不安全。此项退群通知所引发的问题，将由世卫组织执行委员会在其2026年2月2日开始的例行会议上审议，并提交2026年5月举行的世界卫生大会年度会议进一步讨论。

世卫组织注意到美国政府在声明中称，世卫组织“诋毁、污损并侮辱”了美国，损害了其独立性。事实恰恰相反。如同对待所有会员国一样，世卫组织始终本着诚意与美国开展合作，并充分尊重其国家主权。

在美国的声明中，还列举了其退群理由之一是“世卫组织在新冠疫情中的失职”，包括“阻碍及时、准确地共享关键信息”，并“隐瞒这些失误”。诚然，在这场史无前例的全球卫生危机中，没有任何一个组织或政府能做到尽善尽美，但世卫组织对其疫情应对行动问心无愧。在整个大流行期间，世卫组织迅速采取行动，以透明、及时的方式向全球分享其所掌握的所有信息，并基于当时可获得的最佳科学证据向各会员国提供指导。世卫组织推荐使用口罩、接种疫苗和保持社交距离，但从未在任何阶段建议强制佩戴口罩、强制接种疫苗或实施封锁措施。我们支持各国主权政府根据本国情况做出他们认为最符合人民利益的决策——而这些决策权始终属于各国政府自身。

早在2019年12月31日收到中国武汉报告“不明原因肺炎”聚集性病例的首份通报后，世卫组织立即向中方要求提供更多详细信息，并随即启动了突发事件应急管理系统。到2020年1月11日中国报告首例死亡病例时，世卫组织已通过正式渠道、公开声明和社交媒体向全球发出警示，召集全球专家，并发布了全面的技术指南，指导各国如何保护本国人民和卫生系统。2020年1月30日，世卫组织总干事依据《国际卫生条例》宣布新冠疫情构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”——这是国际卫生法框架下的最高警报级别。彼时，中国境外报告的病例尚不足100例，且无死亡病例报告。

在疫情暴发初期数周乃至数月内，总干事反复敦促所有国家立即采取行动保护民众，多次警告“机会之窗正在关闭”、“这不是演习”，并将新冠疫情称为“头号公敌”。

针对多项关于新冠疫情（包括对世卫组织表现）的独立审查，世卫组织已采取措施加强自身工作，并支持各国提升其大流行防范与应对能力。我们在疫情紧急阶段之前、期间和之后建立并运行的全天候（24/7）系统，为包括美国在内的所有国家的安全作出了贡献。

美国还在声明中声称，世卫组织“推行一种受敌视美国利益国家驱动的政治化、官僚化议程”。这一说法完全不符合事实。作为拥有194个会员国的联合国专门机构，世卫组织始终秉持公正立场，致力于服务所有国家，尊重各国主权，不偏不倚。

世卫组织感谢所有会员国的支持与持续参与。各国仍在世卫组织框架内携手合作，共同应对全球最严峻的健康威胁——无论是传染性疾病还是非传染性疾病。尤其值得一提的是，去年世卫组织会员国通过了《世卫组织大流行协定》，该协定一旦获得批准，将成为保障全球未来免受大流行威胁的一项具有里程碑意义的国际法律文书。目前，会员国正在就该协定的一项附件——“病原体获取与惠益分享机制”（Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing system）进行谈判。若获通过，该机制将促进对具有大流行潜力的病原体的快速发现与共享，并确保各国公平、及时地获得疫苗、治疗药物和诊断工具。

我们希望未来美国能够重返世卫组织并积极参与其各项工作。与此同时，世卫组织将继续坚定不移地履行其核心使命和宪章赋予的职责：实现人人享有能达到的最高健康标准——这是所有人的一项基本权利。

WHO statement on notification of withdrawal of the United States

As a founding member of the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States of America has contributed significantly to many of WHO’s greatest achievements, including the eradication of smallpox, and progress against many other public health threats including polio, HIV, Ebola, influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety and more.

WHO therefore regrets the United States’ notification of withdrawal from WHO – a decision that makes both the United States and the world less safe. The notification of withdrawal raises issues that will be considered by the WHO Executive Board at its regular meeting starting on 2 February and by the World Health Assembly at its annual meeting in May 2026.

WHO takes note of statements from the government of the United States that say WHO has “trashed and tarnished” and insulted it, and compromised its independence. The reverse is true. As we do with every Member State, WHO has always sought to engage with the United States in good faith, with full respect for its sovereignty.

In its statements, the United States cited as one of the reasons for its decision, “WHO failures during the COVID-19 pandemic”, including “obstructing the timely and accurate sharing of critical information” and that WHO “concealed those failures”. While no organization or government got everything right, WHO stands by its response to this unprecedented global health crisis. Throughout the pandemic, WHO acted quickly, shared all information it had rapidly and transparently with the world, and advised Member States on the basis of the best available evidence. WHO recommended the use of masks, vaccines and physical distancing, but at no stage recommended mask mandates, vaccine mandates or lockdowns. We supported sovereign governments to make decisions they believed were in the best interests of their people, but the decisions were theirs.

Immediately after receiving the first reports of a cluster of cases of “pneumonia of unknown cause” in Wuhan, China on 31 December 2019, WHO asked China for more information and activated its emergency incident management system. By the time the first death was reported from China on 11 January 2020, WHO had already alerted the world through formal channels, public statements and social media, convened global experts, and published comprehensive guidance for countries on how to protect their populations and health systems. When the WHO Director-General declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern under the International Health Regulations on 30 January 2020 – the highest level of alarm under international health law – outside of China there were fewer than 100 reported cases, and no reported deaths.

In the first weeks and months of the pandemic, the Director-General urged all countries repeatedly to take immediate action to protect their populations, warning that “the window of opportunity is closing”, “this is not a drill” and describing COVID-19 as “public enemy number one”.

In response to the multiple reviews of the COVID-19 pandemic, including of WHO’s performance, WHO has taken steps to strengthen its own work, and to support countries to bolster their own pandemic preparedness and response capacities. The systems we developed and managed before, during and after the emergency phase of the pandemic, and which run 24/7, have contributed to keeping all countries safe, including the United States.

The United States also said in its statements that WHO has “pursued a politicized, bureaucratic agenda driven by nations hostile to American interests”. This is untrue. As a specialized agency of the United Nations, governed by 194 Member States, WHO has always been and remains impartial and exists to serve all countries, with respect for their sovereignty, and without fear or favour.

WHO appreciates the support and continued engagement of all its Member States, which continue to work within the framework of WHO to pursue solutions to the world’s biggest health threats, both communicable and noncommunicable. Most notably, WHO Member States last year adopted the WHO Pandemic Agreement, which once ratified will become a landmark instrument of international law to keep the world safer from future pandemics. Member States are now negotiating an annex to the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing system, which if adopted will promote rapid detection and sharing of pathogens with pandemic potential, and equitable and timely access to vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics.

We hope that in the future, the United States will return to active participation in WHO. Meanwhile, WHO remains steadfastly committed to working with all countries in pursuit of its core mission and constitutional mandate: the highest attainable standard of health as a fundamental right for all people.

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