人参怎么挖？方法大公开！

在长白山金秋的林海深处，70岁高龄的崔长安跪于山坡之上，小心翼翼地拨开覆盖的泥土，一株历经约30年生长的人参缓缓露出其根须。

“我们从不‘挖’参，而是‘抬’参。”他神秘地说道，“幼小的参株需保留，参籽要播种，唯有如此，这片山林方能世世代代滋养我们。”

Under the golden autumn sun of Changbai Mountain, 70-year-old Cui Chang'an, a fourth-generation batou, or ginseng master, kneels on a forest slope, gently brushing away the soil to reveal a ginseng root at least 30 years old.

"We never just dig ginseng," Cui said. "We lift it, and always leave the small ones, replant the seeds. That's how the mountain keeps giving."

千年间，长白山的百姓每一年都会走进深山老林探寻人参，寻参过程中的每个环节都承载着对自然的敬畏与生存的智慧，这种心怀敬意的寻参之旅，被本地人叫做“放山”。

长白山采参习俗在2008年正式成为国家级非物质文化遗产名录中的一员。

For centuries, people on Changbai Mountain have ventured deep into the forest to seek ginseng as part of a sacred journey known as fangshan. The local tradition was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

在“放山”过程中，逐渐形成了一套涵盖专用语言、行为规范等多方面内容的独特习俗。这一习俗在采参者之间通过口传身授的方式传承至今。

这一习俗将实用的山林生存技巧与深厚的文化信仰融为一体，与山林的互动自然共生。

Fangshan has evolved into a unique tradition with its own language, codes of conduct, and other practices passed down through generations.

❶

采参习俗始于“拉帮”，由“把头”召集采参队伍。“把头”是放山的首领，采参队伍成员要严格遵循“把头”的指令。

Labang/Organizing the Team: Before entering the mountains, the team leader (Batou) organizes the ginseng-gathering group.

❷

紧接着便是“放山”，即进山采挖人参。

Fangshan/Entering the Mountains: The team goes into the forest to search for and harvest ginseng.

❸

然后是“压山”，放山人在山林中按分工搜寻人参。

Yashan/Searching the Mountains: Gatherers search the forest according to their assigned areas and responsibilities.

❹

一旦发现人参就要高声“喊山”，呼应山林。

Hanshan/Announcing a Find: When someone discovers ginseng, they loudly alert their companions, who respond in acknowledgment.

❺

接着是“锁棒槌”，用红绳缠茎作标记。

Suobangchui/Tying the Stem: The above-ground stem of the ginseng is wrapped with a red string to mark the plant.

❻

然后是“抬棒槌”， 轻挖慢掘，不伤根须。

Taibangchui/Lifting the Ginseng: Using specialized tools, the ginseng is carefully dug out of the soil.

❼

“打参包”时，用苔藓、桦树皮包裹人参，以防损伤。

Dashenbao/Wrapping the Ginseng: The harvested ginseng is securely wrapped with moss, birch bark, or other protective materials.

❽

抬出棒槌后要“砍兆头”，为了纪念，也是给以后的放山人提醒。

Kanzhaotou/Making a Sign: Gatherers mark a symbol at the spot to commemorate the find and guide future seekers.

❾

最后是“下山”， 带着收获与敬畏离开山林。

Xiashan/Descending the Mountain: After the collection is complete, the team leaves the forest with the harvested ginseng.

采参习俗在抚松得以传承至今。抚松县素有“中国人参之乡”的美誉，隶属于吉林省白山市，拥有长达460余年的人参人工栽培历史。与此同时，长白山地区更是拥有超过1700年的野山参采挖传统。

From these ancestral forests, the legacy flows into Fusong county, known as China's hometown of ginseng. This county in Baishan city has over 460 years of documented cultivation history, while wild collection in the Changbai Mountain region dates back more than 1,700 years.

中国人都知道人参为上品，堪称货真价实的“灵丹妙药”。不仅能养生疗疾，还可药食两用。

人参是唯一能单味成方的药材，独参汤具有回阳救逆之奇效。长白山人参是世界上最好的人参。人民大会堂吉林厅中珍藏着一株160年的长白山“野山参王”，成为长白山人参文化传承的鲜活见证，也让更多人得以直观感受长白山人参的非凡魅力与深厚底蕴。

Ginseng is revered in China as a “miracle herb” for medicine and nutrition and can be used alone in prescriptions. Some of the world’s finest ginseng grows on Changbai Mountain, including a 160-year-old wild root preserved in the Jilin Hall of the Great Hall of the People.

人参的种植方法有哪些？一般来说，种植人参主要分为两大类方法：第一类是在平坦的土地上进行种植，类似于普通农作物的种植方式，这种方法被称为园参种植；第二类则是在森林中播种，让参苗在自然环境中自由生长，人工不进行任何干预，这种方法被称为林下参种植，其生长环境与野生山参完全相同。这两种方法都是智慧的结晶，体现了人类对自然规律的尊重与顺应。

Currently, ginseng is cultivated in two main ways: on flat land, like ordinary crops, known as garden ginseng; and under forest canopy, where seedlings grow naturally without human interference - known as wild-simulated ginseng, essentially equivalent to wild ginseng, a national first-class protected plant in China.

抚松现有4.5万人从事人参相关工作，其中林下参留存面积21万亩，产量9吨，产值1.35亿元。全县注册的人参商标达500余个，产品覆盖食品、药品、化妆品、保健品及生物制品五大类别，共计600多种。

抚松的万良长白山人参市场是国内唯一的国家级专业人参交易市场，也是全球最大的交易中心，全国约80%的人参在此进行交易，堪称世界人参行业的风向标和晴雨表。“抚松人参”这一品牌在国内外市场的影响力持续扩大。

About 45,000 people in Fusong work in the ginseng industry. Fusong now produces five major categories of ginseng goods - food, health supplements, cosmetics, medicines, and bioproducts - totaling more than 600 varieties.

At its heart lies the Wanliang Ginseng Market, the world’s largest national-level trading center, where about 80 percent of China’s ginseng changes hands, serving as a barometer for the global market.

抚松县紧紧围绕省委关于推进人参产业高质量发展的战略部署，坚持“货真价实、优质优价”的核心原则，以标准化、规范化、品牌化、市场化、产业化为发展导向。

深度整合一二三产业资源，着力打造世界人参交易集散地、种质资源原发地、人参产品研创地和人参文化溯源地，持续推动人参产业全链条高质量发展。

Initiatives from Jilin province as well as Baishan now focus on standardization, brand development, market expansion, and technology integration, forming a full industrial chain from seed to market. This ensures its position as a global ginseng hub.

在吉林，长白山腹地东部都是人参的主产区。除白山市的抚松外，还有通化市、吉林市和延边朝鲜族自治州的23个县都盛产人参。“三市一州24个县”的鲜参年交易量占全国80%以上，出口量占全国85%。

In Jilin, the eastern foothills of the Changbai Mountain form the core ginseng-producing region. Beyond Fusong, 23 counties across Tonghua, Jilin, and Yanbian Korean autonomous prefecture also thrive on ginseng cultivation, together accounting for 85 percent of its exports.

吉林省编制了长白山人参产业高质量发展规划，运用高科技手段破解了参龄鉴定等长期困扰市场的难题，误差不超过半年，线下人参市场实现了“货真价实”。

吉林人参产业正走在高质量发展的路上。2024年，吉林人参的综合产值突破800亿元，“百草之王”的千年金字招牌越擦越亮。

Jilin has introduced a high-quality development plan for the Changbai Mountain ginseng industry. In 2024, the ginseng output value surpassed 80 billion yuan in the province, adding to its millennium-old reputation as the “king of herbs”.

来源：中国日报

责编：胡健华

编审：张宇

监审：董杰