“绝育雄蚊”：灭蚊这事我行，我上！

为应对基孔肯雅热疫情，广东佛山正在开展“以蚊治蚊”生物防治策略的创新实验。

To combat the Chikungunya fever outbreak, Foshan in Guangdong province is promoting a "mosquito vs mosquito" biological control strategy.

蚊子工厂：绝育雄蚊批量上阵

在广州黄埔区一座不起眼的办公楼内，“蚊子工厂”正开足马力，周产五百万只“绝育雄蚊”，以生物技术阻断蚊媒繁衍链。

In an unassuming office building in Guangzhou's Huangpu district, a "mosquito factory" is operating at full capacity, producing 5 million sterile male mosquitoes weekly to disrupt the reproductive cycle of disease-carrying mosquitoes.

广州威佰昆生物科技有限公司“绝育雄蚊”生产基地/供图

蚊子在吸食人血的时候顺带传播病毒，而只有雌蚊会咬人、能吸血，雄蚊不叮人也不吸血，换言之，雄蚊对人类是无害的。那么，只要在源头上控制住雌蚊的数量，便能很大程度上控制住疫情。

Mosquitoes transmit viruses while feeding on human blood. But only female mosquitoes bite and suck blood. Males pose no harm to humans. Therefore, controlling the female mosquito population at its source can significantly curb the spread of mosquito-borne diseases.

在广州威佰昆生物科技有限公司的生产基地，恒温恒湿的实验室中，数百万蚊卵在营养液中沉浮如细密米粒，自动化机械臂精准分拣蛹虫，自动蚊蛹雌雄分离机筛选出雄蛹，误差率低于0.5%，最终羽化得到的雄蚊误差率低于0.3%。

广州威佰昆生物科技有限公司“绝育雄蚊”生产基地/供图

“‘以蚊治蚊’的策略主要是减少白纹伊蚊的数量，技术的核心，是利用沃尔巴克氏体与蚊媒的共生关系。”公司副总经理兼技术总监龚君淘介绍，“我们培育出来的蚊子是‘益蚊’，也叫“绝育雄蚊”，当携带沃尔巴克氏体的雄蚊与未携带该菌的野生雌蚊交配时，由于胞质不相容现象，所产的卵不能正常发育，无法孵化出幼蚊。”

"The 'mosquito vs mosquito' strategy primarily targets the reduction of Aedes albopictus populations, with its core technology leveraging the symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia bacteria and mosquitoes," explained Gong Juntao, deputy general manager and technical director of the company. "We cultivate what we call 'beneficial mosquitoes' —sterile males carrying Wolbachia. When these males mate with wild females lacking the bacteria, cytoplasmic incompatibility prevents their eggs from developing properly, effectively blocking reproduction."

广州威佰昆生物科技有限公司“绝育雄蚊”生产基地/供图

在广州白云区江高镇峡石村，该团队曾运用“以蚊治蚊”技术有效防控蚊媒传染病登革热的传播，7年未发生一例登革热病例。

华丽巨蚊：天然捕食精准灭蚊

与此同时，中山大学中山医学院副教授张东京团队近期在佛山三水区南山镇释放了75只华丽巨蚊。研究表明，这种蚊子是病毒传播者白纹伊蚊的天敌。张东京指出，华丽巨蚊幼虫与白纹伊蚊幼虫的孳生环境高度重叠，单只华丽巨蚊幼虫一生可捕食80-100只白纹伊蚊幼虫，防治效果显著。

Zhang Dongjing, associate professor with the Zhongshan School of Medicine at Sun Yat-sen University, said his team has recently released 75 Toxorhynchites splendens, or "magnificent giant mosquitoes", in Nanshan township of Foshan's Sanshui district.

Research has confirmed that the Toxorhynchites splendens is the natural enemy of Aedes albopictus, the virus spreader, said Zhang, adding that the breeding environment of its larvae highly overlaps with Aedes albopictus larvae, and a single Toxorhynchites splendens larva can prey on 80-100 Aedes albopictus larvae in its lifetime, achieving significant prevention and control efficiency.

华丽巨蚊是白纹伊蚊的天敌/供图

“更重要的是，这种不吸血的巨蚊仅以植物汁液和花蜜为生，对人类和牲畜完全无害，真正实现了‘零化学污染’的绿色灭蚊。”张东京说，目前这些华丽巨蚊主要被投放在难以清理的蚊虫幼虫孳生地和树洞中。“未来几个月，我们将定期释放更多实验室培育的华丽巨蚊幼虫。”

"More importantly, the Toxorhynchites splendens that do not feed on blood only rely on plant sap and nectar for survival, which is completely harmless to humans and livestock, truly achieving 'zero chemical pollution' green mosquito control," said Zhang.

Most of the Toxorhynchites splendens have been released in some difficult-to-clean mosquito breeding sites and tree holes, he said. "More Toxorhynchites splendens larvae cultivated and raised in laboratory will regularly be released in the following months."

食蚊鱼：水中猎手守护健康

与此同时，佛山城管部门还向公园投放了5200余条食蚊鱼，协助防控基孔肯雅热等蚊媒疾病的传播。佛山禅城区城市管理和综合执法局副局长张华斌表示，这是佛山首次尝试投放食蚊鱼来降低蚊虫孳生密度，切断基孔肯雅热的传播链。

Meanwhile, Foshan's urban management department has also released more than 5,200 mosquito-eating fish into parks to help prevent and control the spread of Chikungunya fever and related diseases transmitted through mosquitoes.

Zhang Huabin, deputy director of the urban management and comprehensive law enforcement bureau in Foshan's Chancheng district, said it is the area's first attempt to release the fish to reduce the mosquito breeding density and cut off the transmission chain of Chikungunya fever.

食蚊鱼/图片来源于网络

“这些鱼苗以蚊卵和幼虫为食，有助于清除水中的蚊卵和幼虫。”张华斌说。据统计，一条食蚊鱼苗每天能吃掉100-200只蚊幼虫。禅城区城管部门的监测显示，投放食蚊鱼后，预计三个月内水中蚊幼密度将下降60%以上。

"The fish fries feed on mosquito eggs and larvae, which helps to eliminate them in the water," he said. According to statistics, a fish fry can eat between 100 and 200 mosquito larvae every day.

Monitoring from the district's urban management department has shown that after the release of mosquito-eating fish, the density of mosquito larvae in the water is expected to decrease by more than 60 percent within three months.

虽然食蚊鱼见效较慢，但与传统的化学消杀方法相比，这种策略无污染、环保且可持续。截至目前，广州市相关部门也在其公园投放了1000余条食蚊鱼。

基孔肯雅热是一种源自非洲坦桑尼亚的疾病，其名称在当地语言中原意为“变得扭曲”，直观地描绘了患者发病时因剧烈关节疼痛，弯腰屈背的情景。据世界卫生组织（WHO）报告，早在2024年，全球已有119个国家和地区报告了基孔肯雅热，主要分布在美洲、亚洲和非洲。到今年六月底，已有14个国家或地区报告约22万病例，80例死亡，世界卫生组织也于2025年7月22日就基孔肯雅热疫情发出警报。

记者：陈美玲 郑彩雄 李文芳

实习生：宋怡璇

来源：中国日报 新华网

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