美国国父华盛顿,不仅领导了美国独立战争赢得了国家独立,还坚持共和制、反对君主制,坚持任期制、反对终身制,不居功、不恋权,开创了伟大的先例,成为后世的楷模。华盛顿的思想,值得每一个爱自由的人深入思考(翻译仅供参考,一并附上原文):
1. 独自一人总比与坏人为伍要好得多。
It is far better to be alone than to be in bad company.
2. 谨防虚伪的爱国主义。
Guard against the impostures of pretended patriotism.
3. 如果言论自由被剥夺,那么引领我们的可能会是寡言与沉默,就如同待宰的绵羊。
If the freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter.
4. 人类,如果任由他们随心所欲,就不适合治理自己的政府。
Mankind, when left to themselves, are unfit for their own government.
5. 专制的权力最容易建立在被滥用的自由的废墟之上。
Arbitrary power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty abused to licentiousness.
6. 自由像植物一样,一旦开始生根,便会迅速生长。
Liberty when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth.
7. 除非是为了从过去的错误中吸取有益的教训,并从来之不易的经验中获益,否则我们不应该回顾过去。
We should not look back unless it is to derive useful lessons from the past errors, and for the purpose of profiting by dearly bought experience.
8. 幸福与道德责任密不可分。
Happiness and moral duty are inseparably connected.
9. 不能到达一种至高无上的存在,就不可能拥有理性。
It is impossible to reason without arriving at a Supreme Being.
10. 宗教之于理性,正如理性之于宗教。一个不能离开另一个而存在。
Religion is as necessary to reason as reason is to religion. The one cannot exist without the other.
11. 假定一个人可能滥用自由,就因此剥夺他天赋的自由权利,这将被认为是一种不公正和不明智的嫉妒。
It will be found an unjust and unwise jealousy to deprive a man of his natural liberty upon the supposition he may abuse it.
12. 真理最终会在努力揭示真理的地方取得胜利。
Truth will ultimately prevail where there are pains to bring it to light.
华盛顿的话语意味深长,至今仍有借鉴意义,在这个信仰衰败、自由受挫的时代变得愈发重要。当年美国的兴起,离不开以华盛顿为代表的美国国父们的信仰、道德和自由理念。
他们或许并不完美,有的也有自己的私心,但他们却敢于直面人性,充分考虑权力对人性的腐蚀,以及如何用制度和道德把权力关进笼子,正是这一点,从一开始避免了美国出现独裁者,缔造了美国民主的奇迹。
如果像华盛顿这样基于信仰的绅士人格,能够变成某个国家国民的整体性格,那么这个国家早晚会变成强大的国家。这种精神不仅仅表现在尊重弱势者上,更表现在争取自由、捍卫文明的行动上。
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