汉英翻译技巧之句子整合

汉译英时，有时候需要根据英语的表达方式，对汉语句子进行整合，也就是说，把句子的相关成分合并在一起，以便形成一句简洁紧凑的英语句子，从而使译文更符合英文的表达方式，也更具可读性。

示例一：

本合同签署后，如果中国的有关法律法规发生变化，且该变化较之本合同签署之日有效的有关法律法规对合营公司和双方更为有利，则合营公司和双方应立即申请获得该变化带来的利益。

译文：After the execution of this Contract, if any change takes place in the relevant laws or regulations of the PRC which is more favorable as the JV Company and the Parties than such laws or regulations in effect on the date of the execution of this Contract, the JV Company and the Parties shall promptly apply to receive the benefits brought above by such change.

解析：这句话的参考译文并没有按汉语句子的原结构译成两个并列的假设句：if any change takes place in the relevant laws or regulations of the PRC and if such change is more favorable to the JV Company and the Parties than such laws or regulations in effect on the date of execution of this Contract，而是用关系代词which引导的定语从句取代第二个if句，which is more favorable to the JV Company and the Parties than such laws or regulations in effect on the date of execution of this Contract（这里的which相当于and such change）。

将第二个假设句译成定语从句，更能揭示这两个假设句之间的逻辑关系，即二者并不是真正意义上的并列，而是“有关法律法规发生对合营公司和双方更有利的变化”，只是汉语句子不能用如此长的词作定语，故而采用并列句形式。因此，整合的译法更符合英文的表达方式，忠实地再现了原句想要传达的信息。

示例二：

董事会会议应当由总经理办公室用中文和英文作详细记录，并在会议结束后14日内送交每位董事，由出席董事会会议的各位董事签字确认。

译文：Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English by the General Manager’s office and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen (14) days of the conclusion of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting.

解析：英语译文使用不定式to be signed and confirmed by将汉语的后两句连成一句。

示例三：

如果一方将争议事项书面通知另一方后两个月内，争议不能通过协商解决，则任何一方均可将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（以下简称仲裁委员会），按其仲裁规则由三名仲裁员进行仲裁。仲裁员从仲裁委员会的仲裁员名册中选定，每一方各选一名仲裁员，第三名仲裁员由仲裁委员会主席指定，并由其担任首席仲裁员。

译文：If within two (2) months after a Party has notified in writing the other Party of the issue in dispute and the dispute cannot be resolved through friendly consultation, then any Party may at any time submit the dispute to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Committee (the “Arbitration Committee”) to be arbitrated in accordance with its arbitration rules by three (3) arbitrators, who shall be selected from the panel of the Arbitration Committee. Each Party shall select one (1) arbitrator, and the chairman of the Arbitration Committee shall select the third arbitrator to be the chief arbitrator.

解析：上面是前后两个紧密相关的汉语句子，译成英语也是两个句子，但与原句相比，两个英语译句在结构上发生了变化。译文使用了“整合”法，将汉语第二句开头的“仲裁员应从仲裁委员会的仲裁员名册中选定”译成定语从句，与第一个英语句子连成一句。这样做，是为了限定选择三名仲裁员的范围，即只能从仲裁委员会的仲裁员名册中选定。应该说，这一考虑是合乎逻辑的。虽然跨句整合在汉英翻译实践中并不常见，但只要在英语表达上确有必要，对汉语前后句子进行合理调整，就应该是顺理成章的事情。

来源：译问