海洋中的塑料污染可能产生新型抗生素？

近年来，海洋学研究中开展了一项新的研究，海洋中的塑料污染可能成为新型抗生素的来源。考虑到目前的抗生素危机和超级细菌的崛起，寻找新抗生素的替代来源至关重要。

In recent years, a new study has been carried out in oceanographic research. Plastic pollution in the ocean may become a source of new antibiotics. Considering the current antibiotic crisis and the rise of super-bacteria, it is crucial to find alternative sources of new antibiotics.

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科学家估计，每年有500万至1300万公吨的塑料污染进入海洋，从大型漂浮碎片到微生物可以在其上形成整个生态系统的微塑料。塑料碎片含有丰富的生物量，因此可能是抗生素生产的一个很好的候选者，而抗生素生产往往发生在竞争激烈的自然环境中。

Scientists estimate between 5 and 13 million metric tons of plastic pollution enter the oceans each year, ranging from large floating debris to microplastics onto which microbes can form entire ecosystems. Plastic debris is rich in biomass, and therefore could be a good candidate for antibiotic production, which tends to occur in highly competitive natural environments.

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为了探索塑料微粒作为新型抗生素来源的潜力，研究人员根据海洋条件修改了由Jo Handelsman博士开发的Tiny Earth公民科学方法。研究人员将高密度聚乙烯塑料和低密度聚乙烯塑料（常见于食品袋中的塑料）在加利福尼亚州拉霍拉市斯克里普斯码头附近的水中孵育90天。

To explore the potential of the plastisphere to be a source of novel antibiotics, the researchers modified the Tiny Earth citizen science approach (developed by Dr. Jo Handelsman) to marine conditions. The researchers incubated high- and low-density polyethylene plastic (the type commonly seen in grocery bags) in water near Scripps Pier in La Jolla, Calif. for 90 days.

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研究人员从海洋塑料中分离出5种产生抗生素的细菌，包括芽孢杆菌、噬菌体和弧菌。他们对细菌分离物进行了针对多种革兰氏阳性和阴性目标的测试，发现这些分离物对常用细菌以及2种抗生素耐药菌株都有效。

The researchers isolated 5 antibiotic producing bacteria from ocean plastic, including strains of Bacillus, Phaeobacter and Vibrio. They tested the bacterial isolates against a variety of Gram positive and negative targets, finding the isolates to be effective against commonly used bacteria as well as 2 antibiotic resistant strains.

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“考虑到目前的抗生素危机和超级细菌的崛起，寻找新抗生素的替代来源至关重要，”该研究的主要作者、国立大学的安德烈亚·普莱斯（Andrea Price）表示。“我们希望扩大这个项目，进一步描述微生物及其产生的抗生素。”

Considering the current antibiotic crisis and the rise of superbugs, it is essential to look for alternative sources of novel antibiotics," said study lead author Andrea Price of National University. "We hope to expand this project and further characterize the microbes and the antibiotics they produce.

来源于：https://phys.org/news/2022-06-plastic-pollution-ocean-harbor-antibiotics.html

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