美国疾控中心对从中国进入美国旅客进行COVID-19 阴性测试的要求

CDCAnnounces Negative COVID-19 Test Requirement from Air Passengers Entering theUnited States from the People’s Republic of China

美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)宣布对从中国进入美国的航空旅客进行COVID-19 阴性测试的要求

CDC is announcing today that it willimplement a requirement for a negative COVID-19 test or documentation ofrecovery for air passengers boarding flights to the United States originatingfrom the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Special AdministrativeRegions of Hong Kong and Macau. CDC is announcing this step to slow the spreadof COVID-19 in the United States during the surge in COVID-19 cases in the PRCgiven the lack of adequate and transparent epidemiological and viral genomicsequence data being reported from the PRC. These data are critical to monitorthe case surge effectively and decrease the chance for entry of a novel variantof concern. CDC will continue to monitor the situation and adjust ourapproach as necessary.

疾病预防控制中心今天宣布，它将对从中华人民共和国（PRC）和香港、澳门特别行政区飞往美国的飞机乘客实施COVID-19 检测阴性或康复文件的要求。CDC 宣布采取这一措施，以便减缓COVID-19 在美国的传播。这些数据对于有效监测病例激增和减少令人担忧的新变体进入的机会至关重要。 疾病预防控制中心将继续监测这一情况，并根据需要调整我们的方法。

Variants of the SARS-CoV-2 viruscontinue to emerge in countries around the world. However, reduced testing andcase reporting in the PRC and minimal sharing of viral genomic sequence datacould delay the identification of new variants of concern if they arise.Pre-departure testing and the requirement to show a negative test result hasbeen shown to decrease the number of infected passengers boarding airplanes,and it will help to slow the spread of the virus as we work to identify andunderstand any potential new variants that may emerge.

SARS-CoV-2 病毒的变种继续在世界各国出现。出境前的检测和出示阴性检测结果的要求已被证明可以减少乘坐飞机的受感染乘客数量，在我们努力识别和了解可能出现的任何潜在的新变种时，这将有助于减缓病毒的传播。

Starting at 12:01 AM ET on January 5,all air passengers two years and older originating from the PRC will berequired to get a test (such as aPCRtest or an antigen self-testadministered and monitored by atelehealth service or a licensed provider and authorized by the Food and DrugAdministration or the relevant national authority) no more than 2 days beforetheir departure from the PRC, Hong Kong, or Macau, and show a negative testresult to the airline upon departure.

从美国东部时间 1 月5 日上午 12:01 开始，所有从中国出发的2 岁及以上的航空旅客将被要求在离开中国、香港或澳门前的 2 天内接受测试（如PCR 测试或由远程医疗服务或持牌医疗机构管理和监测的抗原自我测试，并在出发时向航空公司出示阴性测试结果）。

• The requirement applies to these air passengers regardless of nationality and vaccination status.
• This will also apply to persons traveling from the PRC via third country transit and to passengers connecting through the United States onward to further destinations.
• Along with applying this requirement to direct flights from the PRC, passengers transiting Incheon International Airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport, and Vancouver International Airport on their way to the United States will be required to provide a negative COVID-19 test if they have been in the PRC in the last 10 days no more than 2 days before their departure to the United States. These three transit hubs cover the overwhelming majority of passengers with travel originating in the PRC and the Special Administrative Regions. We will continue to monitor travel patterns, adjust our approach as needed, and keep Americans informed in a timely manner.
• Passengers who tested positive more than 10 days before the flight can provide documentation of recovery from COVID-19 in lieu of a negative test result.
• Airlines must confirm the negative COVID-19 test result or documentation of recovery for all passengers before they board or deny boarding to the passenger.
• 该要求适用于这些航空乘客，而不论其国籍和疫苗接种状况如何。
• 这也将适用于从中国通过第三国过境的人员以及通过美国转机前往其他目的地的旅客。
• 除了对来自中国的直达航班适用这一要求外，在前往美国途中经仁川国际机场、多伦多皮尔逊国际机场和温哥华国际机场转机的乘客，如果他们在过去 10 天内曾在中国停留过，且不超过前往美国的前 2 天，将被要求提供 COVID-19 阴性测试。这三个过境中心覆盖了绝大多数从中国和特别行政区出发的旅客。我们将继续监测旅行模式，根据需要调整我们的方法，并及时向美国人通报。
• 在飞行前 10 天以上检测结果呈阳性的乘客可以提供 COVID-19 的康复文件来代替阴性检测结果。
• 航空公司必须在登机前确认所有乘客的 COVID-19 检测结果为阴性或有恢复的文件，或拒绝让乘客登机。

CDC is also expanding theTraveler-based Genomic Surveillance program (TGS), a voluntary program thatserves as an early warning system to detect and characterize new and rarevariants of the virus that causes COVID-19. TGS collects anonymous nasalswabs from arriving international travelers on selected flights at major U.S.international airports. The program tests for presence of the COVID-19 virus,and if it is detected, the program sequences the virus’s genome to identify anynew variants. The program is expanding by adding additional airports (LosAngeles and Seattle)—bringing the total number of airports to seven and numberof weekly flights covered to approximately 500 from at least 30 countriesacross all World Health Organization (WHO) regions. This includesapproximately 290 weekly flights from PRC and surrounding areas.

疾病预防控制中心还在扩大基于旅行者的基因组监测计划（TGS），这是一个自愿性计划，作为一个早期预警系统，检测和描述导致COVID-19 的病毒的新的和罕见的变体。 TGS 在美国主要国际机场的特定航班上收集抵达的国际旅行者的匿名鼻拭子。该计划测试COVID-19 病毒的存在，如果检测到它，该计划将对病毒的基因组进行排序，以确定任何新的变种。该计划正在扩大，增加了更多的机场（洛杉矶和西雅图）--使机场总数达到7 个，覆盖的每周航班数量达到约 500 个，来自世界卫生组织（WHO）所有地区的至少30 个国家。这包括来自中国及周边地区的约 290 个每周航班。

TGS has proven to overcome gaps inglobal SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance that occur as many countries decrease ordiscontinue testing and sequencing. During the initial weeks of the Omicronsurge, TGS detected two Omicron subvariants, BA.2 and BA.3, and reported themto the global database weeks before they were reported elsewhere, demonstratingthat the program is able to detect variants early.

The approach laid out, when layeredwith existing CDC recommendations such as masking during travel,self-monitoring for symptoms, and testing for three days after arrival frominternational travel, will help make travel safer, healthier, and moreresponsible by reducing spread on planes, in airports, and at destinations andto be on alert for any potential variants emerging. Our new testing policy,along with expansion of TGS, will help to protect travelers and the health andsafety of American communities.

CDC also continues to work with WHO andpartner countries to enhance sequencing capacity and improve the globalcapacity to detect new variants.

This order will become effective onJanuary 5, 2023, at 12:01 AM ET. More information will be made available by CDCin the coming days.

事实证明，TGS 已经克服了全球SARS-CoV-2 变异体监测中出现的空白，因为许多国家减少或停止了测试和测序。在Omicron 激增的最初几周，TGS 检测到两个Omicron 亚变体， BA.2 和BA.3，并在其他地方报告之前几周将其报告给全球数据库，表明该计划能够及早检测到变体。

所规定的方法与疾病预防控制中心现有的建议相结合，如在旅行期间进行遮盖，自我监测症状，以及在国际旅行抵达后三天进行检测，将有助于使旅行更安全、更健康、更负责任，减少飞机上、机场和目的地的传播，并对出现的任何潜在变体保持警惕。我们的新测试政策，以及TGS 的扩大，将有助于保护旅行者和美国社区的健康和安全。

疾控中心还继续与世卫组织和伙伴国家合作，加强测序能力，提高全球检测新变体的能力。

该命令将于 2023 年1 月 5 日美东时间上午12:01 生效。更多信息将由 CDC 在未来几天内提供。

接受的 COVID-19 疫苗

可接受的 COVID-19 疫苗接种证明

1. 可验证疫苗接种记录中的二维码链接到确认证书的信息，该信息是从官方数据库中的免疫记录生成的，并且不会被篡改。

所有形式的 COVID-19 疫苗接种证明都必须具有

 疫苗接种证明，须包含与旅行者护照相匹配的个人身份信息（全名加上至少一个其他标识符，例如出生日期或护照号码），必须使用英文（或附有经认证的英文翻译，中国境内认证翻译机构：博雅翻译集团，http://www.boyafanyi.com）。

 发布记录的官方来源名称（例如，公共卫生机构、政府机构或其他授权疫苗供应商）

 疫苗制造商和接种日期

如何计算 14 天：

 您的最后一剂必须在您登上飞往美国的航班前整整 14 天服用。

 在疫苗接种系列完成后的第 14 天，您将被视为已完全接种疫苗。例如，如果您最后一次服药是在 10 月 1 日的任何时间，那么 10 月 15 日就是您满足 14 天要求的第一天。