我国结婚率创历史新低！为什么结婚年龄也越来越迟了

8月26日，民政部公布《2021年民政事业发展统计公报》。数据显示，从2013年到2021年，我国结婚率持续下降，且平均初婚年龄向后推迟。

While fewer Chinese couples are willing to tie the knot these days, many of those who do choose to walk down the aisle at a later stage in their lives, according to recently released data.

江苏连云港的一对新人在结婚登记处拍照留念。

据《公报》显示，全年依法办理结婚登记764.3万对，比上年下降6.1%；结婚率为5.4‰，比上年下降0.4个千分点，创历史新低。

Last year, 7.64 million marriages were registered in China, a 6.1 percent year-on-year decrease, according to a Ministry of Civil Affairs report. What's more, it's the record low for the 36 years since the ministry started releasing the report in 1986.

结婚时间也越来越晚？

从2021年结婚登记人口年龄分布情况来看，25-29岁年龄段人数最多，为539.3万人；30-34岁年龄段人数其次，有305.2万人；40岁以上年龄段人数为297.9万人，20-24岁年龄段人数有252.9万人，35-39岁年龄段人数有133.2万人。总体来看，30岁以上结婚人群占比近半。

The number of marriage registrations has been declining for eight consecutive years. And 48.2 percent of those who registered to become newlyweds last year were older than 30, setting a record, according to the report.

图源：健康时报

北京大学社会学系 教授陆杰华指出，目前不管是民政部还是国家人口普查的数据，都显示平均初婚年龄在向后推迟，初婚年龄推迟必定会影响初育，随着生育政策放开，初婚年龄推迟对二孩三孩都会产生影响，对生育率的提升也会有负面作用。

2021年，我国新生儿数量由2020年的1200万下降至1062万。

Last year, the number of newborns in China fell to 10.62 million, compared with 12 million in 2020.

国家卫健委表示，由于出生率连年下降，我国人口在2025年将面临负增长的情况。

According to the National Health Commission, China's population growth is set to turn negative, with more deaths than births, by 2025 as the rate has slowed down in the past few years.

为什么人们不愿结婚了？

中国青年网曾在2019年发布了《90后青年婚恋新常态调研报告》。调研结果显示：一线城市单身占比持续领先，流动人口的单身率更高；90后单身的主要原因为圈子小、工作忙、对爱情幻想过于完美，并且学历越高越容易受困于生活圈子小和工作忙带来的择偶问题。

图源：健康时报

陆杰华教授在接受《健康时报》采访时表示，“随着社会经济的发展，人们受教育水平提高，年轻人尤其是90后的婚恋观也发生了巨大的变化，年轻人不愿意太早进入婚姻，结婚也并非是人生的必选项。”

新冠疫情也是人们结婚意愿降低的一大原因。

厦门大学副教授郭夏玫表示：“在疫情影响下，人们社交频率大大减少，恋爱结婚的概率因此降低；同时，疫情下的人们经济压力也比较大，这进一步降低了人们的结婚意愿。”

Guo Xiamei, an associate professor at Xiamen University who specializes in family studies, said: "The COVID-19 epidemic may be a cause of the decline in the desire to marry because it has reduced the chances of meeting potential partners. The economic difficulties that resulted from the epidemic, may also have contributed to the decline."

离婚冷静期 （the "cooling off" period before divorce）的存在也导致人们对于结婚的态度越来越谨慎。

"The structure of marriage and family is to build a system to keep society stable, but more and more people think the other way. Marriage, in many people's mind, becomes a risky decision," Guo added. 郭教授补充道："传统观念认为，婚姻和家庭的意义在于，通过这项制度来维护社会稳定。但现在越来越多的人持相反态度。在很多人看来，结婚充满着风险。”

另外，从人口上来看，结婚率的下降也和适龄结婚人口的减少密切相关，90后、00后的人口规模比例小于80后，因此适龄结婚的人口也在下降。

记者：罗望舒

实习生：徐璐瑶

来源：健康时报 中国日报