23考研外刊阅读《经济学人》双语精读版训练--在老龄化问题上，日本给出了教科书式回答

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上期翻译答案

“Suggestionsarethat drones have less of an impact on the environment, but we have grave concerns about electrical demand and use of lithium batteries which are known not to be all that ‘green’,” they said.

“他们说:“有迹象表明，无人机对环境的影响较小，但我们对它们的电能需求表示严重关切，众所周知，锂电池并不那么‘绿色’。”

《本期内容》

导读

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日本比其他发达国家经历的老龄化问题都要更早，情况也更为严峻，世界在应对老龄化问题上，可以向日本学习。

双语阅读

As our special report this week argues, Japan is not an outlier—it is aharbinger. Many of the challenges it faces already affect other countries, or soon will, including rapid ageing, secular stagnation, the risk of natural disasters, and the peril of being caught between China and America. The fact that some of these problems hit Japan early makes it a useful laboratory for observing their effects and working out how to respond.

正如我们本周的特别报道所指出的那样，日本不是一个特例，而是一个先兆。日本面临的许多难题已经或即将影响到其他国家，包括快速老龄化、经济长期停滞、自然灾害风险以及夹在中美之间的危险。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~

Onelessonis that societies must learn to live with risk. As the climate changes and natural hazardsproliferate, countries must be able to bounce back from shocks. Painful experience has led Japan to invest in resilience. Bridges and buildings areretrofitted to make them earthquake-proof. After a big quake hit Kobe in 1995, leaving many without water, the city built an underground system to store 12 days’ supply for residents.

教训之一是，社会必须学会与风险共存。随着气候变化和自然灾害增加，世界各国必须能够从冲击中恢复过来。痛苦的经历让日本在重建恢复上进行投资。桥梁和建筑是复古风格的，可以防震。1995年的神户发生大地震，出现了许多人断水的情况。在那之后，神户就打造了一个地下系统，可以为居民储存12天的用水量。

Another lesson is that demography matters. Most societies will ultimately age and shrink like Japan. By 2050, one in six people in the world will be over 65 years old, up from one in 11 in 2019. The populations of 55 countries, including China, are projected to decline between now and 2050. Recent data suggest India will shrink sooner than expected.

另一个教训是人口统计很重要。大多数社会最终都会像日本一样走向老龄化，并且出现人口萎缩。到2050年，全世界65岁以上的人将达到1/6，而这一比例在2019年为1/11。从现在到2050年，预计包括中国在内的55个国家，人口都将减少。最近的数据显示，印度人口萎缩的速度将比预期更快。

Demographic change brings big economic challenges. Japan owes itssluggishgrowth in large measure to its shrinking population. If you look at the well-being of individual Japanese people, however, the picture is far rosier. In the decade from 2010 to 2019, Japan enjoyed the third-highest average rate of GDP growth per head in the G7, behind only Germany and America.

人口结构的变化带来了巨大的经济挑战。日本经济增长缓慢在很大程度上要归咎于人口的减少。然而，如果你看看日本人的个人幸福指数，情况要乐观得多。从2010年至2019年，这十年间日本的人均GDP增长率在七国集团(G7)中排名第三，仅次于德国和美国。

One way to cope with a shrinking population is to get the most out of people. Japan will neverlive up toits potential while so many of its highly educated citizens are denied the chance to live up to theirs. Seniority-based promotion at traditional companies, combined with excessive deference to grey hairs, silences young voices and stifles innovation. That is why many of the brightest new graduates prefer to work for startups.

应对人口萎缩的一个方法就是充分利用人口。当有大量受过高等教育的日本公民被剥夺了发挥自己潜力的机会时，日本将永远无法发挥国家的潜力。在传统企业中，论资排辈的晋升方式，加上对年老长辈的过度敬重，扼杀了年轻人发声的机会，也扼杀了创新。这就是为什么许多最聪明的应届毕业生更愿意去创业企业工作。

本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）

发布时间：2021.12.09

作者：Leaders

原文标题：What the world can learn from Japan

词汇积累

1.harbinger

• 英 /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/ 美 /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/

  n.先驱；前兆；预告者

  vt.预告；充做……的前驱

• 2.lesson

• 英 /ˈlɛsən/ 美 /ˈlɛsən/

• n. 一课时; 教学单元，(课本中的)课; 经验，教训

  v. 给……上课; 教训，训诫

  3.proliferate

• 英 /prəˈlɪfəˌreɪt/ 美 /prəˈlɪfəˌreɪt/

• vi.增殖；扩散；激增
  

  4.retro

• 英 /ˈrɛtrəʊ/ 美 /ˈrɛtrəʊ/
  

• adj.复古的，（服装式样等）重新流行的；仿效不久前流行风格的

  n.（服装式样等）重新流行；回顾展

  5.sluggish

• 英 /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ 美 /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/

• adj. 缓慢的，迟钝的，懒洋洋的; 性能欠佳的

词组搭配

1.live up to 不辜负；做到；实践

写作句总结

One way to cope with a shrinking population is to get the most out of people.

结构: One way to cope with … is to get the most out of people.

应对…的方法之一就是充分利用人口

例句: One way to cope with diminished productivity is to get the most out of people.

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