【Critical Reviews in Microbiology】综述A型流感病毒免疫逃逸I型干扰素的分子机制

　　近日，宁夏大学魏凡华副教授在国际期刊Critical Reviews in Microbiology（IF=7.349，中科院二区）上发表综述文章，题为“Evasion mechanisms of the type I interferons responses byinfluenza A virus”。

　　I型干扰素是机体抵御流感病毒感染的第一道防线，因此I型干扰素应答的精细调控对机体免疫防御流感病毒感染具有关键的作用。A型流感病毒是引起人类呼吸道感染的主要病原之一，是季节性流行和偶发性大流行的罪魁祸首，其抗原变异和种间传播严重威胁着全球人类健康。

　　此外，禽流感病毒对人类健康的威胁也越来越大，尤其是家禽中流行的H5、H7和H9亚型。尽管机体细胞通过识别流感病毒的复制产物并触发信号级联反应，产生I型干扰素（IFN-α/β），并进化出复杂的抗病毒机制。然而，流感病毒已进化出多种生存策略，包括逃逸宿主免疫系统和劫持宿主因子等，使其能够在宿主体内更好地复制（图1）。

　　图1. A型流感病毒抑制I型干扰素产生的分子机制

　　该综述全面总结了近年来A型流感病毒免疫逃逸I型干扰素分子机制方面的最新研究进展，提出了该领域亟待解决的重要科学问题，对未来的流感病毒抗病毒免疫研究及防控具有一定的参考意义。

　　该文章是前期发表在PLoS Pathogens（IF=6.463，中科院一区Top期刊）上论文的进一步总结和凝练。该项目获得宁夏自然基金项目（ 2019AAC03007 ），宁夏大学双一流学科建设项目（ NXYLXK2017B05 ），国家自然科学基金（ 31972669，81960297 ）的资助。 全文链接：https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1040841X.2020.1794791

　　Abstract

　　The type I interferons (IFNs) represent the first line of host defense against influenza virus infection, and the precisely control of the type I IFNs responses is a central event of the immune defense against influenza viral infection. Influenza viruses are one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in human and are responsible for seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, leading to a serious threat to global human health due to their antigenic variation and interspecies transmission. Although the host cells have evolved sophisticated antiviral mechanisms based on sensing influenza viral products and triggering of signalling cascades resulting in secretion of the type I IFNs (IFN-α/β), influenza viruses have developed many strategies to counteract this mechanism and circumvent the type I IFNs responses, for example, by inducing host shut-off, or by regulating the polyubiquitination of viral and host proteins. This review will summarise the current knowledge of how the host cells recognise influenza viruses to induce the type I IFNs responses and the strategies that influenza viruses exploited to evade the type I IFNs signalling pathways, which will be helpful for the development of antivirals and vaccines.