国家一级保护野生动物
animals under first-class state protection
6月5日，国家林业和草原局发布关于穿山甲调整保护级别的公告：为加强穿山甲保护，经国务院批准，将穿山甲属所有种由国家二级保护野生动物调整为国家一级保护野生动物。自公布之日起施行。
The Chinese government recently raised the protection level of Chinese pangolins to the top level, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration announced on Friday. The species, which used to be at the second level under state protection, is now listed among the top-protected animals.
据了解，中华穿山甲曾广泛分布于我国大陆地区长江以南17个省区市。由于过度猎捕利用和栖息地破坏，其分布范围不断缩小，种群数量急剧下降，保护形势非常严峻。
According to a national wildlife survey conducted by forestry authorities in the 1990s, there were some 60,000 Chinese pangolins in 11 provinces, including Yunnan, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces. 国家林业局在上世纪90年代进行的普查结果显示，中华穿山甲数量约有6万头左右，分布范围已缩减至11个省份，包括云南、湖南、广东、四川和浙江。 In past decades, the species' population has witnessed a sharp decline due to habitat destruction, rampant poaching and smuggling. 过去几十年间，由于栖息地破坏、过度猎捕和走私，中华穿山甲的种群数量急剧下降。
下一步，国家林草局将继续采取系列措施，强化穿山甲保护拯救工作。
根据公告，国家林草局将加快穿山甲野外种群和栖息地调查监测，为开展全面系统研究、划定保护区域、开展专项保护行动奠定科学基础。
According to the announcement, the administration will draft principles for field studies of the Chinese pangolin and further strengthen the surveillance and research on the species' habitat and population. Further, it will designate some core protection areas based on the habitat survey.
▌穿山甲从《中国药典》中除名
在我国，穿山甲的鳞片自古入药，但最新出版的2020年版《中国药典》中，穿山甲鳞片未被继续收载。
On Tuesday, local media reported that pangolin scales, which were believed to promote blood circulation and reduce inflammation in traditional Chinese medicine, have been officially removed from the Chinese Pharmacopeia, meaning the scales will no longer be recommended to be used as a medicine. 地方媒体9日报道称，穿山甲鳞片在中医里曾被认为有活血消炎之功效，目前已正式从《中国药典》中移除，这意味着穿山甲鳞片不再作为药品被推荐。
据《健康时报》报道，《中国药典》2020版编制大纲中说明，野生资源枯竭的品种将从药典退出。
中华中医药学会主任王承德说，穿山甲的药用价值在临床上可以用许多药物替代。取消国家重点保护野生动物药用标准此前也有先例，1993 年，国务院《关于禁止犀牛角和虎骨贸易的通知》提出，禁止进行犀牛角和虎骨相关的一切贸易活动。禁令施行后，多用水牛角和豹骨代替；在风湿治疗中，活血化瘀、软坚散结的药可以用蝎子、蜈蚣、地龙等代替；消痈、抗炎、催乳等可以用猪蹄甲取代。其功效是一样的。
Notes
中华穿山甲 Chinese pangolin /pɡln/
栖息地 habitat /hbtt/
偷猎 poach /pt/
国家林业和草原局
National Forestry and Grassland Administration
濒危物种
endangered species
生态文明
ecological civilization
野生动物违规交易
illegal trade of wild animals
编辑：左卓
来源：新华社 健康时报 中国日报
China Daily热词训练营
（2019年版）
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