高考英语阅读理解猜词题妙招！

大家在做阅读理解时如果遇到生僻词，本文分享猜词的10种方法，一起学习下吧。

构词法

阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able;其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。

同义词近义词

在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。

反义词猜词

对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。

语境猜词

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。

特别提醒：

在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义!这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。

原因有三：

其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3%;

其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解；

其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。

利用定义和解释猜词

有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。

利用例证猜词

为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as, like, for example, for instance等。

根据复述和同等关系猜词

为了强调某个观点或把某事叙述得更明白，作者有时运用不同语句来复述同一概念，这时可以利用这些重复和表达形式的变化来猜测词义。虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。

同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属于同一范畴。只要我们认出其中一个或几个词或短语，即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概的意思。

利用搭配猜词

任何一个单词在句子中总是与其他词相关联的，我们可以通过这些前后的关联来猜测生词的词义。

根据语意转折猜词

有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。

如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。

根据经验和常识猜词

例如：Young Hoover died. Over a thousand people attended his funeral.

分析：通过“年轻的Hoover去世了”，根据我们的常识猜测出一千多人参加的应该是他的“葬礼”。

最后提醒考生，掌握了一定的生词推测技巧后，也不要去“死抠”个别词，除了人名、地名等一些专有名词不必去细究每一处，那些一时难以断定其意思却又不妨碍理解或答题的生词，大可不必理会。

【写作试题】1

2017高考英语真题全国Ⅱ卷（书面表达）

假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：

1.展览时间、地点；

2.展览内容。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

Dear Henry,

I'm Li Hua, the leader of the paper-cutting club in our school. Last time you told me you looked forward to learning more about traditional Chinese culture. Now I'm glad to tell you there will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school. I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast.

The exhibition, the theme of which is "beauty of China", will take place in the school hall from 2 to 5 on the afternoon of June 21. Not only will our club's works be displayed, but we also have a valuable set of paper-cutting created by a famous artist of this field. Besides, there will be a lot of useful and interesting activities, from which you can have a clearer picture of Chinese culture.

I would appreciate it if you accept my invitation. I'm sure it can leave a wonderful impression on you! I'm looking forward to your reply.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

【写作试题】2

假如你是李华，你的外教Sam对中国传统乐器很感兴趣，刚好市博物馆最近有一个古筝展览，古筝属于拨弦乐器，有“中国钢琴”的美称。请给外教Sam写信，邀请他一起参观展览，内容包括：

1.展览时间、地点；

2.展览内容：二十架中国各个时期的古筝，最久远的有2500年历史。

注意：

1）词数100左右；

2）为使行文连贯可适当增加细节；

3）开头语和结束语已给出。

参考词汇: 古筝the Chinese zither 拨弦乐器plucked instruments

Dear Sam,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Dear Sam,

There will be a Chinese zither exhibition in the city museum this weekend. Knowing you have a great interest in traditional Chinese musical instruments, I’m writing to invite you to visit the museum with me.

It is said that twenty Chinese zithers of different ages will be on exhibition in the museum, of which the oldest one has a history of 2500 years. The Chinese Zither is a plucked instrument and is known as the “Chinese piano” with its beautiful melodies helping to maintain peace and balance of mind. As one of the most ancient instruments in China, the zither has long been a favorite of literators.

If it is convenient to you, please join me and experience the great musical invention in the museum. I will be more than happy to keep you company and offer necessary explanations.

Looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Li Hua

【写作试题】3

你在北京的英国朋友Tom非常喜欢中国绘画。请你根据以下信息，给Tom写信，告诉他近期将要举办的一个画展，并建议他去参观。

1. 时间：5月10日到25日

2. 地点：中国美术馆

3. 内容：张大千100多幅绘画作品

4. 画家简介：中国20世纪国画大师，擅长多种画法，在山水画方面卓有成就。

注意：1.词数不少于50。

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

4. 参考词汇：landscape 山水画；山水画法

Dear Tom,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Dear Tom,

I know you love Chinese paintings. Here is a piece of good news for you. There will be an exhibition of Zhang Daqian’s paintings at the National Art Museum of China from May 10th to 25th. As you know, Mr. Zhang, one of the most famous Chinese painters of the 20th century, was a master at many types of painting, especially landscapes. The coming exhibition will be composed of more than 100 of his masterpieces. I believe it will be a great time for all his fans. Don’t miss it.

If you need further information, just let me know.

Yours,

Li Hua

【写作试题】4

假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华，为校刊英语园地写一篇题为“Our Social Practice Activity”的英文稿件。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，叙述上周你们班从准备参观首都博物馆到参观结束的完整过程。

【参考范文】

Our class visited the Capital Museum last week, and it is one of the most impressive social practice activities since high school.

Before our visit, my classmates and I searched for as much information as possible through the Internet, such as its location and the latest exhibitions and shows.

The next morning, we gathered at the entrance at nine o’clock, and then a beautiful guide showed us around the exhibition on the traditional buildings in Beijing, where we learned the development of our city architecture. After that, we got to know our folk culture by watching the digital film and learning to make some paper-cuts and paint masks in DIY area. It was twelve o’clock and we had to leave, and unwillingly said goodbye to our guide.

The capital Museum is very large and attractive and the activities there aroused our great excitement and interest in our traditional culture and custom. We enjoyed the visit so much that most of my classmates decided to come again later.