2019年3月1日，国际顶级学术期刊《科学》在线发表了题为“泛热带气候相互作用”(Pantropical climate interactions）的综述性文章。此项成果是由青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室（以下简称海洋试点国家实验室）领军科学家蔡文炬教授（第一作者）和海洋试点国家实验室主任吴立新院士（通讯作者）领衔众多国际知名物理海洋和气候学家以及青年学者共同完成。
厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）起源于热带太平洋，是地球气候系统最强的年际变化事件，对全球气候、水循环、生物地球化学循环以及生态系统产生重大影响。过去研究已充分证实厄尔尼诺-南方涛动可通过大气遥相关过程显著影响热带大西洋和印度洋区域气候系统，反过来热带大西洋和印度洋内部的海洋-大气相互作用及动力过程变化如何影响热带太平洋厄尔尼诺-南方涛动以及区域气候存在较大争议，是热带海洋与气候研究中的前沿热点问题。该综述文章首次全面回顾和总结了目前对于热带太平洋-印度洋-大西洋气候系统之间相互作用的最新研究进展。
文章指出，热带太平洋气候系统变化主要由快速的海温-风场正反馈过程和延迟的风场-海洋温跃层-海温负反馈过程共同决定，热带印度洋和大西洋海温变化可通过引起太平洋风场异常来调制上述反馈过程进而影响太平洋（图1）。例如，热带印度洋变化可加速厄尔尼诺的消亡，并有助于厄尔尼诺向拉尼娜的位相转变；热带大西洋赤道及北部海域的海温变化对厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件的多样性（即不同厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件的空间型态、变化幅度、演变过程不尽相同）具有重要贡献（图2）。此外，热带大西洋海温的年代际变化可显著影响整个印太海域海气系统变化，被认为是导致1998-2014年全球增暖减缓的一个关键因素。文章在系统总结已有研究基础上，提炼出了未来研究的关键科学问题及挑战，并指出深入认识和理解热带跨海盆相互作用的动力机制，是提升季节至年代际气候预测能力的一条重要途径，也将有助于提高对未来气候变化预估的准确性。
图1：热带太平洋-印度洋-大西洋之间的海气反馈过程示意图（SST表示海表温度）
图2：厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件演变过程中的热带太平洋-印度洋-大西洋之间海气相互作用示意图
此项成果历经国内外多次学术交流研讨最终完成，为热带海-气相互作用和气候变化研究提供了新方向和新思路。这也是海洋试点国家实验室海洋动力过程与气候研究团队继2016年受邀在《自然》发表综述性文章 “太平洋西边界流及其气候效应”（Pacific western boundary currents and their roles in climate）之后，首次在《科学》发表综述性成果。近五年来，该团队在海洋中小尺度过程及其与大气相互作用、全球变暖对热带海气耦合事件影响、全球增暖减缓机理等方面取得了一系列重大原创新成果，已在《自然》、《科学》及其子刊发表高水平论文22篇（附论文列表），彰显了海洋试点国家实验室在海洋与气候动力学以及全球气候变化领域的国际前沿地位。
论文列表：
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