Activism and Social Network
行动主义与社会网络
作者|林沛茹
一
Activism
行动主义
Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.
行动主义包含促进、阻碍、引导等方式来进行社会、政治、经济或者环境方面的改革，以求改变原先停滞的状态，使社会进步。
Forms of activism range from writing letters to newspapers or to politicians, political campaigning, economic activism such as boycotts or preferentially patronizing businesses, rallies, street marches, strikes, sit-ins, and hunger strikes.
行动主义的形式多样，例如，写信给报社或给政治家就是其中的一种。另外像发起政治运动、经济活动（如抵制某企业或优先赞助优良企业等）也是其展现的方式。此外，举办集会、街头游行、罢工、静坐，和绝食抗议也包含在其中。
One can also express activism through different forms of art. Daily acts of protest such as not buying clothes from a certain clothing company because they exploit workers is another form of activism.
人们也可以通过不同的艺术形式来表现行动主义。像是日常的抗议行为，如：不购买某家服装公司的衣服，来抵制他们对工人的剥削，这就是另一种形式的行动主义。
Research has begun to explore how activist groups use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.
研究已经开始探索行动主义者团体如何利用社交媒体来促进公民参与和集体行动。
二
Social Network
社会网络
A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors.
社会网络是由一组社会角色（如个人或组织）、二元关系集和其他参与者之间的社会互动构成的社会结构。
The social network perspective provides a set of methods for analyzing the structure of whole social entities as well as a variety of theories explaining the patterns observed in these structures.
社会网络的视角提供了一整套方法来分析整个社会实体的结构以及各种解释这些结构中被观察到的模式理论。
The study of these structures uses social network analysis to identify local and global patterns, locate influential entities, and examine network dynamics.
这些结构的研究使用社会网络分析来识别局部和全局模式，定位有影响力的实体，并检查网络动态。
Social network analysis is now one of the major paradigms in contemporary sociology, and is also employed in a number of other social and formal sciences.
社会网络分析是当代社会学的主要范式之一，也被应用于许多其他社会科学和形式科学中。
Together with other complex networks, it forms part of the nascent field of network science.
与其他复杂网络一起，社会网络分析构成了网络科学萌芽的一部分。
三
Activism and Social network
网络行动主义
Since there are so many social media which allow people to build their own social network, it’s easy for a human being to know a news of a thousand miles away.
由于现今有许多得以建立社会网络的社交媒体，人们可以轻易的得知千里外的消息。
On the other hand, people now can turn the activism to reality via social network which may change the world so quickly and more easily.
在另一方面，人们现在可以透过社会网络将行动主义转为现实，让世界可以更快速、更轻易的改变。
Without a doubt, Internet creates a new format of social network which brings a new generation for the humans, and to use it properly is the trend in this decade.
毫无疑问地，互联网创造一个新的建构社会网络的方式，并为人类带来新世代，而如何恰当地使用互联网来进行社会网络建构才是近十年的趋势。
四
GoFundMe
Launched in 2010, GoFundMe is the world’s largest social fundraising platform, with over $5 billion raised so far.
GoFundMe是2010发起的、现今世界上最大的社交捐助平台，目前该平台已累积超过五十亿美元的赞助。
With a community of more than 50 million donors, GoFundMe is changing the way the world gives.
凭借着超过五千万的赞助者社群，GoFundMe正在改变世界的”给予”方式。
People can start their program through some simple steps. First is to create fundraising campaign. There’s no easier way to share your story and attract support.
人们可以透过几个简单的步骤开始他们的计划。第一步，创造募款活动，撰写个人故事和吸引他人的支持是没有捷径的。
Second, share with family and friends. Their built-in connections to Facebook, Twitter & Email make sharing a breeze.
接着，将募款活动分享给家人和朋友，网站自带连结至各大社交媒介，让分享变成一件轻而易举的事。
Then, you can Easily Accept Donations and Enjoy the Results. In the end, make some changes, post updates and send thank-you notes from your dashboard. That’s how it works for people who want to change the world.
然后，你就能简单地接受募款以及享受成果了。在最后，你可以更新一些改变，以及发送一些感谢语在你的募款板上。
In addition, the author follows the variables in TAM2. One is the social networking site capability (CP)，which is all the application and social media tools that satisfy users' needs, such as postings, comments, chat, and automatic news.
此外，作者还沿用了TAM2中的变量。一个是社交媒体功能（Social networking site capability，CP），即社交网站上满足用户使用需求的所有应用工具，例如发布、评论、聊天、新闻推送等。
GoFundMe presents activism of social network which mentioned in prior paragraph. By using the social network that was built by the Internet platform. Donors from all over the world can give hopes for whom needs help via the Internet.
GoFundMe体现了前段所提到的网络行动主义。透过互联网所搭建的社会网络平台，来自全世界的赞助者可以透过互联网来给予需要帮助的人们一个希望。
五
Conclusion
结论
Not just a “Click” anymore. People can change the world by using their social network. In the case of GoFundMe, we see how it changes the way the world gives.
互联网不再只是一个简单的用鼠标完成的“点击”。人们可以借由社会网络来改变世界。在GoFundMe的案例中，我们看到它如何改变世界“给予”的方式。
People can give and receive through this platform at the same time to pursue their activism to the world.
人们可以透过这个平台同时给予以及收获，并使得行动主义迈向全世界。
No matter it’s about a country’s political or just about a vendor, activism of social network makes the dream come true. We can ask the government for a new policy by connecting our social network via Internet.
不论是关于一个国家的政治或者只是一个商业行为，网络行动主义可以使梦想成真。我们可以透过互联网所搭建的社会网络，向政府诉求一个新的政策。
Or to ask for donate to create one’s own company. Internet makes the social network bigger. And a bigger social network makes activism to be realized.
或是索求赞助来开创自己的公司。互联网使得社会网络扩大，而更大的社会网络使得行动主义被实现。
注：文中未详细注明来源的图片来自互联网可被允许使用的作品
参考文献（部分）
[1] Obar, Jonathan; et al. (2012)."Advocacy 2.0: An Analysis of How Advocacy Groups in the United StatesPerceive and Use Social Media as Tools for Facilitating Civic Engagement andCollective Action". Journal of Information Policy. SSRN1956352 .
[2] Obar, Jonathan (2014). "CanadianAdvocacy 2.0: A Study of Social Media Use by Social Movement Groups andActivists in Canada". Canadian Journal of Communication. SSRN2254742 .
编辑：方亚东
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