教育部：中小学生作业管理十条发布

教育部近日印发《关于加强义务教育学校作业管理的通知》，提出“十条要求”。

Primary schools should ensure that students in the first and second grades do not have written homework. Those in higher grades should complete their homework within one hour, the circular said.

通知要求，小学一二年级不布置书面家庭作业，小学其他年级每天书面作业完成时间平均不超过60分钟。

【单词讲解】

Grade在学校的语境中除了表示“年级”以外，还可以表示“成绩、分数”（名词）或者“评判、批改”（动词）等意思，比如：What was your grade on the math test?（你数学考试考了多少分）；Mrs. Smith would be the one grading their spelling tests and their reading tests.（他们拼写测验和阅读测验的阅卷老师是史密斯夫人）。

The average amount of time junior high school students spend on written homework every day should be less than 90 minutes, according to the circular.

初中每天书面作业完成时间平均不超过90分钟。

通知提出的其他要求包括：

Schools are required to adjust the form and content of homework in accordance with the traits of different schooling stages and subjects, as well as the needs and abilities of students.

学校要根据学段、学科特点及学生实际需要和完成能力，合理布置不同类型的作业。

Teachers should not give homework to parents, directly or indirectly, or ask parents to grade homework.

严禁给家长布置或变相布置作业，严禁要求家长批改作业。

After-school training institutions are prohibited from giving any homework to primary and secondary school students, the circular said.

严禁校外培训机构给中小学生留作业。

【单词讲解】

这里用primary and secondary school表示“中小学”，具体来说，primary school通常指代“小学”，也可以用elementary school来替换，而secondary school指“介于小学和大学之间的教育机构”，即“中学”，是各类中等教育学校的统称，既包括普通的初高中，也包括职高、技校等教育机构。我们更加熟悉的middle school在英语国家通常指“五年级（或六年级）到八年级的学校”，即“初中”。

Teachers should make full use of classroom time and after-school services to make sure primary school students can basically finish all work at school and that junior high school students can complete most of it, it said.

教师要充分利用课堂教学时间和课后服务时间加强学生作业指导，指导小学生基本在校内完成书面作业，初中学生在校内完成大部分书面作业。

【词汇讲解】

这里出现了“初中”的另一种说法junior high school，这个表达多见于美国，一般指七年级到九年级这个学段，也就相当于咱们所说的“初中”，后续的“高中”用senior high school表达。

The difficulty of the homework should not exceed national curriculum standards, and there should be no repetitive or punitive homework.

作业难度不得超过国家课程标准要求。严禁布置重复性、惩罚性作业。

加强中小学生体质健康管理

此外，教育部近日还印发了《关于进一步加强中小学生体质健康管理工作的通知》，对加强中小学生体质健康管理工作提出了有关要求。

Schools should open a sufficient number of physical education courses based on requirements of related authorities - four for first and second graders and three for third, fourth, fifth and sixth graders and middle school students - the notice said, adding that the ministry encourages schools to conduct one PE course every day.

中小学校要严格落实国家规定的体育与健康课程刚性要求，小学一至二年级每周4课时，小学三至六年级和初中每周3课时，有条件的学校每天开设1节体育课。

【相关词汇】

学生减负 reduce students' excessive academic burden

教学大纲 teaching syllabus

超纲教学 teaching beyond the syllabus

招生对象 enrollment targets

课外活动 extracurricular activities

应试教育 exam-oriented education

民办学校 private school

基础教育 basic education

教书育人 impart knowledge and cultivate people

教育公平 education equality