【物理学家】历年诺贝尔物理学奖，有多少你熟悉的名字？

诺贝尔物理学奖 1901–2026

126 届，其中 120 届颁奖、6 届空缺。年份后为当年得主（中文名＋英文名），其下为颁奖词：中文为整理译写，英文为诺奖官方原文。

1901｜威廉·伦琴Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

表彰他发现了后来以他命名的特殊射线 in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him

1902｜亨得里克·洛仑兹、彼得·塞曼Hendrik A. Lorentz / Pieter Zeeman

表彰他们对磁场影响辐射现象的研究 in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena

1903｜亨利·贝克勒、皮埃尔·居里、玛丽·居里Henri Becquerel / Pierre Curie / Marie Curie

• 亨利·贝克勒：表彰他发现了自发放射性 in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity

• 皮埃尔·居里、玛丽·居里：表彰他们对亨利·贝克勒教授所发现的辐射现象的共同研究 in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel

1904｜瑞利勋爵Lord Rayleigh

表彰他对最重要气体密度的研究，以及由此发现氩 for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies

1905｜菲利普·莱纳德Philipp Lenard

表彰他在阴极射线方面的工作 for his work on cathode rays

1906｜约瑟夫·汤姆孙J.J. Thomson

表彰他在气体导电的理论与实验研究方面的重大贡献 in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases

1907｜阿尔伯特·迈克耳孙Albert A. Michelson

表彰他的精密光学仪器，以及借助这些仪器所做的光谱学与计量学研究 for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid

1908｜加布里埃尔·李普曼Gabriel Lippmann

表彰他基于干涉现象用摄影方法重现色彩的方法 for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference

1909｜古列尔莫·马可尼、卡尔·费迪南德·布劳恩Guglielmo Marconi / Ferdinand Braun

表彰他们对无线电报发展的贡献 in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy

1910｜约翰内斯·范德瓦耳斯Johannes Diderik van der Waals

表彰他关于气体和液体状态方程的研究 for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids

1911｜威廉·维恩Wilhelm Wien

表彰他发现支配热辐射的定律 for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat

1912｜古斯塔夫·达伦Gustaf Dalén

表彰他发明用于灯塔和浮标照明的、与气体蓄积器配合使用的自动调节阀 for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys

1913｜海克·卡末林·昂内斯Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

表彰他对低温下物质性质的研究，这些研究尤其导致了液氦的制备 for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium

1914｜马克斯·冯·劳厄Max von Laue

表彰他发现晶体对 X 射线的衍射 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals

1915｜威廉·亨利·布拉格、威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格William Bragg / Lawrence Bragg

表彰他们用 X 射线分析晶体结构的贡献 for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays

1916｜空缺

该年诺贝尔物理学奖未颁发。

1917｜查尔斯·巴克拉Charles Glover Barkla

表彰他发现元素的特征伦琴辐射 for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements

1918｜马克斯·普朗克Max Planck

表彰他因发现能量量子而对物理学发展所作的贡献 in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta

1919｜约翰尼斯·斯塔克Johannes Stark

表彰他发现极隧射线中的多普勒效应以及电场中谱线的分裂 for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields

1920｜夏尔·纪尧姆Charles Edouard Guillaume

表彰他因发现镍钢合金的反常现象而对物理学精密测量所作的贡献 in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys

1921｜阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦Albert Einstein

表彰他对理论物理学的贡献，尤其是发现光电效应定律 for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect

1922｜尼尔斯·玻尔Niels Bohr

表彰他在研究原子结构及其发出的辐射方面的贡献 for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them

1923｜罗伯特·密立根Robert A. Millikan

表彰他在基本电荷与光电效应方面的工作 for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect

1924｜曼内·西格巴恩Manne Siegbahn

表彰他在 X 射线光谱学领域的发现与研究 for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy

1925｜詹姆斯·弗兰克、古斯塔夫·赫兹James Franck / Gustav Hertz

表彰他们发现支配电子与原子碰撞的定律 for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom

1926｜让·佩兰Jean Baptiste Perrin

表彰他在物质不连续结构方面的工作，尤其是发现沉积平衡 for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium

1927｜阿瑟·康普顿、查尔斯·威耳逊Arthur H. Compton / C.T.R. Wilson

• 阿瑟·康普顿：表彰他发现以他命名的效应 for his discovery of the effect named after him

• 查尔斯·威耳逊：表彰他通过水蒸气凝结显示带电粒子径迹的方法 for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour

1928｜欧文·理查森Owen Willans Richardson

表彰他在热离子现象方面的工作，尤其是发现以他命名的定律 for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him

1929｜路易·德布罗意Louis de Broglie

表彰他发现电子的波动性 for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons

1930｜钱德拉塞卡拉·拉曼Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

表彰他在光的散射方面的工作，以及发现以他命名的效应 for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him

1931｜空缺

该年诺贝尔物理学奖未颁发。

1932｜维尔纳·海森堡Werner Heisenberg

表彰他创立量子力学，其应用尤其导致了氢的同素异形体的发现 for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen

1933｜埃尔温·薛定谔、保罗·狄拉克Erwin Schrödinger / Paul A.M. Dirac

表彰他们发现原子理论的新有效形式 for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory

1934｜空缺

该年诺贝尔物理学奖未颁发。

1935｜詹姆斯·查德威克James Chadwick

表彰他发现中子 for the discovery of the neutron

1936｜维克托·赫斯、卡尔·安德森Victor F. Hess / Carl D. Anderson

• 维克托·赫斯：表彰他发现宇宙辐射 for his discovery of cosmic radiation

• 卡尔·安德森：表彰他发现正电子 for his discovery of the positron

1937｜克林顿·戴维孙、乔治·汤姆孙Clinton Davisson / George Paget Thomson

表彰他们实验发现晶体对电子的衍射 for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals

1938｜恩里科·费米Enrico Fermi

表彰他证明了中子辐照可产生新的放射性元素，以及由此发现慢中子引起的核反应 for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons

1939｜欧内斯特·劳伦斯Ernest Lawrence

表彰他发明并发展了回旋加速器，以及用它取得的成果，尤其是在人工放射性元素方面 for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements

1940｜空缺

该年诺贝尔物理学奖未颁发。

1941｜空缺

该年诺贝尔物理学奖未颁发。

1942｜空缺

该年诺贝尔物理学奖未颁发。

1943｜奥托·斯特恩Otto Stern

表彰他对分子束方法发展的贡献，以及发现质子的磁矩 for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton

1944｜伊西多·拉比Isidor Isaac Rabi

表彰他记录原子核磁性质的共振方法 for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei

1945｜沃尔夫冈·泡利Wolfgang Pauli

表彰他发现不相容原理，又称泡利原理 for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle

1946｜珀西·布里奇曼Percy W. Bridgman

表彰他发明产生极高压力的装置，以及用该装置在高压物理领域作出的发现 for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics

1947｜爱德华·阿普尔顿Edward V. Appleton

表彰他对高层大气物理的研究，尤其是发现所谓的阿普尔顿层 for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer

1948｜帕特里克·布莱克特Patrick M.S. Blackett

表彰他发展了威耳逊云室方法，以及用该方法在核物理与宇宙辐射领域作出的发现 for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation

1949｜汤川秀树Hideki Yukawa

表彰他基于核力的理论研究预言了介子的存在 for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces

1950｜塞西尔·鲍威尔Cecil Powell

表彰他发展了研究核过程的照相方法，以及用该方法在介子方面作出的发现 for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method

1951｜约翰·考克饶夫、欧内斯特·沃尔顿John Cockcroft / Ernest T.S. Walton

表彰他们在用人工加速粒子嬗变原子核方面的先驱性工作 for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles

1952｜费利克斯·布洛赫、爱德华·珀塞尔Felix Bloch / E. M. Purcell

表彰他们发展了核磁精密测量的新方法以及由此作出的发现 for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith

1953｜弗里茨·泽尔尼克Frits Zernike

表彰他论证了相衬法，尤其是发明相衬显微镜 for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope

1954｜马克斯·玻恩、瓦尔特·博特Max Born / Walther Bothe

• 马克斯·玻恩：表彰他在量子力学方面的基础研究，尤其是波函数的统计诠释 for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction

• 瓦尔特·博特：表彰他发明符合法以及用该方法作出的发现 for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith

1955｜威利斯·兰姆、波利卡普·库什Willis E. Lamb / Polykarp Kusch

• 威利斯·兰姆：表彰他关于氢光谱精细结构的发现 for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum

• 波利卡普·库什：表彰他精确测定电子的磁矩 for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron

1956｜威廉·肖克利、约翰·巴丁、沃尔特·布拉顿William B. Shockley / John Bardeen / Walter H. Brattain

表彰他们对半导体的研究以及发现晶体管效应 for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect

1957｜杨振宁、李政道Chen Ning Yang / Tsung-Dao Lee

表彰他们对所谓宇称定律的深入研究，由此获得了关于基本粒子的重要发现 for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles

1958｜帕维尔·切伦科夫、伊利亚·弗兰克、伊戈尔·塔姆Pavel A. Cherenkov / Il´ja M. Frank / Igor Y. Tamm

表彰他们发现并解释了切伦科夫效应 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect

1959｜埃米利奥·塞格雷、欧文·张伯伦Emilio Segrè / Owen Chamberlain

表彰他们发现反质子 for their discovery of the antiproton

1960｜唐纳德·格拉泽Donald A. Glaser

表彰他发明气泡室 for the invention of the bubble chamber

1961｜罗伯特·霍夫施塔特、鲁道夫·穆斯堡尔Robert Hofstadter / Rudolf Mössbauer

• 罗伯特·霍夫施塔特：表彰他在电子被原子核散射方面的开创性研究，以及由此在核子结构方面取得的发现 for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons

• 鲁道夫·穆斯堡尔：表彰他关于伽马辐射共振吸收的研究，以及由此发现以他命名的效应 for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name

1962｜列夫·朗道Lev Landau

表彰他在凝聚态理论方面的开创性工作，尤其是关于液氦的理论 for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium

1963｜尤金·维格纳、玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶、汉斯·延森Eugene Wigner / Maria Goeppert Mayer / J. Hans D. Jensen

• 尤金·维格纳：表彰他对原子核与基本粒子理论的贡献，尤其是发现并应用基本对称性原理 for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles

• 玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶、汉斯·延森：表彰他们关于原子核壳层结构的发现 for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure

1964｜查尔斯·汤斯、尼古拉·巴索夫、亚历山大·普罗霍罗夫Charles H. Townes / Nicolay G. Basov / Aleksandr M. Prokhorov

表彰他们在量子电子学领域的基础性工作，由此研制出基于脉泽—激光原理的振荡器与放大器 for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle

1965｜朝永振一郎、朱利安·施温格、理查德·费曼Sin-Itiro Tomonaga / Julian Schwinger / Richard P. Feynman

表彰他们在量子电动力学方面的基础性工作，对基本粒子物理学产生了深远影响 for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles

1966｜阿尔弗雷德·卡斯特勒Alfred Kastler

表彰他发现并发展了研究原子中赫兹共振的光学方法 for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms

1967｜汉斯·贝特Hans Bethe

表彰他对核反应理论的贡献，尤其是关于恒星中能量产生的发现 for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars

1968｜路易斯·阿尔瓦雷斯Luis Alvarez

表彰他对基本粒子物理学的决定性贡献，尤其是发现大量共振态，这得益于他发展使用氢气泡室的技术与数据分析 for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis

1969｜默里·盖尔曼Murray Gell-Mann

表彰他在基本粒子及其相互作用的分类方面的贡献与发现 for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions

1970｜汉内斯·阿尔文、路易·奈尔Hannes Alfvén / Louis Néel

• 汉内斯·阿尔文：表彰他在磁流体力学方面的基础性工作与发现，及其在等离子体物理各个领域富有成果的应用 for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics

• 路易·奈尔：表彰他关于反铁磁性与亚铁磁性的基础性工作与发现，这些成果在固体物理学中获得了重要应用 for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics

1971｜丹尼斯·加博尔Dennis Gabor

表彰他发明并发展了全息方法 for his invention and development of the holographic method

1972｜约翰·巴丁、利昂·库珀、罗伯特·施里弗John Bardeen / Leon N. Cooper / Robert Schrieffer

表彰他们共同发展的超导理论，通常称为 BCS 理论 for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory

1973｜江崎玲于奈、伊瓦尔·贾埃弗、布赖恩·约瑟夫森Leo Esaki / Ivar Giaever / Brian D. Josephson

• 江崎玲于奈、伊瓦尔·贾埃弗：表彰他们分别在半导体与超导体中关于隧穿现象的实验发现 for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively

• 布赖恩·约瑟夫森：表彰他从理论上预言了通过隧道势垒的超导电流的性质，尤其是通常称为约瑟夫森效应的那些现象 for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects

1974｜马丁·赖尔、安东尼·休伊什Martin Ryle / Antony Hewish

表彰他们在射电天体物理方面的先驱性研究：赖尔因其观测与发明，尤其是孔径综合技术；休伊什因其在发现脉冲星中的决定性作用 for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars

1975｜奥格·玻尔、本·莫特森、詹姆斯·雷恩沃特Aage N. Bohr / Ben R. Mottelson / James Rainwater

表彰他们发现原子核中集体运动与粒子运动之间的联系，并基于这一联系发展了原子核结构理论 for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection

1976｜伯顿·里克特、丁肇中Burton Richter / Samuel C.C. Ting

表彰他们在发现一种新型重基本粒子方面的先驱性工作 for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind

1977｜菲利普·安德森、内维尔·莫特、约翰·范弗莱克Philip W. Anderson / Sir Nevill F. Mott / John H. Van Vleck

表彰他们对磁性与无序系统电子结构的基础理论研究 for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems

1978｜彼得·卡皮察、阿诺·彭齐亚斯、罗伯特·威尔逊Pyotr Kapitsa / Arno Penzias / Robert Woodrow Wilson

• 彼得·卡皮察：表彰他在低温物理学领域的基础性发明与发现 for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics

• 阿诺·彭齐亚斯、罗伯特·威尔逊：表彰他们发现宇宙微波背景辐射 for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation

1979｜谢尔登·格拉肖、阿卜杜斯·萨拉姆、史蒂文·温伯格Sheldon Glashow / Abdus Salam / Steven Weinberg

表彰他们对基本粒子之间弱相互作用与电磁相互作用统一理论的贡献，其中包括预言弱中性流 for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current

1980｜詹姆斯·克罗宁、瓦尔·菲奇James Cronin / Val Fitch

表彰他们发现中性 K 介子衰变中基本对称性原理的破坏 for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons

1981｜尼古拉斯·布隆伯根、阿瑟·肖洛、凯·西格巴恩Nicolaas Bloembergen / Arthur L. Schawlow / Kai M. Siegbahn

• 尼古拉斯·布隆伯根、阿瑟·肖洛：表彰他们对激光光谱学发展的贡献 for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy

• 凯·西格巴恩：表彰他对高分辨率电子光谱学发展的贡献 for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy

1982｜肯尼斯·威尔逊Kenneth G. Wilson

表彰他关于与相变有关的临界现象的理论 for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions

1983｜苏布拉马尼扬·钱德拉塞卡、威廉·福勒Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar / William A. Fowler

• 苏布拉马尼扬·钱德拉塞卡：表彰他对恒星结构与演化至关重要的物理过程的理论研究 for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars

• 威廉·福勒：表彰他对宇宙中化学元素形成至关重要的核反应的理论与实验研究 for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe

1984｜卡洛·鲁比亚、西蒙·范德梅尔Carlo Rubbia / Simon van der Meer

表彰他们对这一大型项目的决定性贡献，该项目导致了传递弱相互作用的场粒子 W 与 Z 的发现 for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction

1985｜克劳斯·冯·克利青Klaus von Klitzing

表彰他发现量子化霍尔效应 for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect

1986｜恩斯特·鲁斯卡、格尔德·宾尼希、海因里希·罗雷尔Ernst Ruska / Gerd Binnig / Heinrich Rohrer

• 恩斯特·鲁斯卡：表彰他在电子光学方面的基础性工作，以及设计出第一台电子显微镜 for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope

• 格尔德·宾尼希、海因里希·罗雷尔：表彰他们设计出扫描隧道显微镜 for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope

1987｜格奥尔格·贝德诺尔茨、亚历山大·米勒J. Georg Bednorz / K. Alex Müller

表彰他们在发现陶瓷材料超导性方面的重要突破 for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials

1988｜利昂·莱德曼、梅尔文·施瓦茨、杰克·施泰因贝格尔Leon M. Lederman / Melvin Schwartz / Jack Steinberger

表彰他们发明中微子束方法，以及通过发现 μ 中微子证明了轻子的二重态结构 for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino

1989｜诺曼·拉姆齐、汉斯·德梅尔特、沃尔夫冈·保罗Norman F. Ramsey / Hans G. Dehmelt / Wolfgang Paul

• 诺曼·拉姆齐：表彰他发明分离振荡场方法，并将其用于氢脉泽及其他原子钟 for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks

• 汉斯·德梅尔特、沃尔夫冈·保罗：表彰他发展了离子阱技术 for the development of the ion trap technique

1990｜杰尔姆·弗里德曼、亨利·肯德尔、理查德·泰勒Jerome I. Friedman / Henry W. Kendall / Richard E. Taylor

表彰他们关于电子在质子与束缚中子上深度非弹性散射的先驱性研究，这对粒子物理学中夸克模型的发展具有根本重要性 for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics

1991｜皮埃尔-吉勒·德热纳Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

表彰他发现为研究简单体系中的有序现象而发展的方法，可推广到更复杂的物质形态，尤其是液晶与聚合物 for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers

1992｜乔治·夏帕克Georges Charpak

表彰他发明并发展了粒子探测器，尤其是多丝正比室 for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber

1993｜拉塞尔·赫尔斯、约瑟夫·泰勒Russell A. Hulse / Joseph H. Taylor Jr.

表彰他们发现一种新型脉冲星，这一发现为引力研究开辟了新的可能 for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation

1994｜伯特伦·布罗克豪斯、克利福德·沙尔Bertram N. Brockhouse / Clifford G. Shull

• 伯特伦·布罗克豪斯：表彰他发展了中子谱学 for the development of neutron spectroscopy

• 克利福德·沙尔：表彰他发展了中子衍射技术 for the development of the neutron diffraction technique

1995｜马丁·佩尔、弗雷德里克·莱因斯Martin L. Perl / Frederick Reines

• 马丁·佩尔：表彰他发现 τ 轻子 for the discovery of the tau lepton

• 弗雷德里克·莱因斯：表彰他探测到中微子 for the detection of the neutrino

1996｜戴维·李、道格拉斯·奥谢罗夫、罗伯特·理查森David M. Lee / Douglas D. Osheroff / Robert C. Richardson

表彰他们发现氦-3 中的超流性 for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3

1997｜朱棣文、克洛德·科昂-唐努德日、威廉·菲利普斯Steven Chu / Claude Cohen-Tannoudji / William D. Phillips

表彰他们发展了用激光冷却和捕获原子的方法 for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light

1998｜罗伯特·劳克林、霍斯特·施特默、崔琦Robert B. Laughlin / Horst L. Störmer / Daniel C. Tsui

表彰他们发现一种具有分数电荷激发的新型量子流体 for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

1999｜赫拉尔杜斯·特霍夫特、马丁努斯·韦尔特曼Gerardus 't Hooft / Martinus J.G. Veltman

表彰他们阐明了物理学中电弱相互作用的量子结构 for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics

2000｜若雷斯·阿尔费罗夫、赫伯特·克勒默、杰克·基尔比Zhores Alferov / Herbert Kroemer / Jack Kilby

• 若雷斯·阿尔费罗夫、赫伯特·克勒默：表彰他们研制出用于高速电子学与光电子学的半导体异质结构 for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics

• 杰克·基尔比：表彰他在发明集成电路中的贡献 for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit

2001｜埃里克·A·康奈尔、沃尔夫冈·克特勒、卡尔·E·维曼Eric Cornell / Wolfgang Ketterle / Carl Wieman

在稀薄碱金属原子气体中实现玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚，以及对凝聚体性质的早期基础研究 for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates

2002｜雷蒙德·戴维斯 Jr.、小柴昌俊、里卡尔多·贾科尼Raymond Davis Jr. / Masatoshi Koshiba / Riccardo Giacconi

• 雷蒙德·戴维斯 Jr.、小柴昌俊：对天体物理学的开创性贡献，尤其是宇宙中微子的探测 for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos

• 里卡尔多·贾科尼：对天体物理学的开创性贡献，导致了宇宙 X 射线源的发现 for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources

2003｜阿列克谢·阿布里科索夫、维塔利·L·金兹堡、安东尼·J·莱格特Alexei Abrikosov / Vitaly L. Ginzburg / Anthony J. Leggett

对超导体与超流理论的开创性贡献 for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids

2004｜戴维·J·格罗斯、H·戴维·波利策、弗兰克·维尔切克David J. Gross / H. David Politzer / Frank Wilczek

发现强相互作用理论中的渐近自由 for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

2005｜罗伊·J·格劳伯、约翰·L·霍尔、特奥多尔·W·亨施Roy J. Glauber / John L. Hall / Theodor W. Hänsch

• 罗伊·J·格劳伯：对光学相干性量子理论的贡献 for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence

• 约翰·L·霍尔、特奥多尔·W·亨施：对激光精密光谱学发展的贡献，包括光学频率梳技术 for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique

2006｜约翰·C·马瑟、乔治·F·斯穆特John C. Mather / George F. Smoot

发现宇宙微波背景辐射的黑体形式与各向异性 for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation

2007｜阿尔贝·费尔、彼得·格林贝格Albert Fert / Peter Grünberg

发现巨磁电阻效应 for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance

2008｜南部阳一郎、小林诚、益川敏英Yoichiro Nambu / Makoto Kobayashi / Toshihide Maskawa

• 南部阳一郎：发现亚原子物理中自发对称破缺的机制 for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics

• 小林诚、益川敏英：发现对称破缺的起源，预言自然界至少存在三代夸克 for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature

2009｜高锟、威拉德·S·博伊尔、乔治·E·史密斯Charles K. Kao / Willard S. Boyle / George E. Smith

• 高锟：在光纤中光传输用于光通信方面的开创性成就 for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication

• 威拉德·S·博伊尔、乔治·E·史密斯：发明成像半导体电路——CCD 传感器 for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor

2010｜安德烈·海姆、康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫Andre Geim / Konstantin Novoselov

关于二维材料石墨烯的开创性实验 for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene

2011｜索尔·珀尔马特、布赖恩·P·施密特、亚当·G·里斯Saul Perlmutter / Brian P. Schmidt / Adam G. Riess

通过观测遥远超新星发现宇宙加速膨胀 for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae

2012｜塞尔日·阿罗什、戴维·J·维因兰Serge Haroche / David J. Wineland

开创性的实验方法，使单个量子系统的测量与操控成为可能 for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems

2013｜弗朗索瓦·恩格勒、彼得·W·希格斯François Englert / Peter Higgs

理论上发现一种机制，有助于理解亚原子粒子质量的起源；该机制预言的基元粒子已由 CERN 大型强子对撞机的 ATLAS 与 CMS 实验证实 for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider

2014｜赤崎勇、天野浩、中村修二Isamu Akasaki / Hiroshi Amano / Shuji Nakamura

发明高效蓝色发光二极管，使明亮节能的白光光源成为可能 for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources

2015｜梶田隆章、阿瑟·B·麦克唐纳Takaaki Kajita / Arthur B. McDonald

发现中微子振荡，证明中微子具有质量 for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass

2016｜戴维·J·索利斯、F·邓肯·M·霍尔丹、J·迈克尔·科斯特利茨David J. Thouless / F. Duncan M. Haldane / J. Michael Kosterlitz

拓扑相变与物质拓扑相的理论发现 for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter

2017｜雷纳·韦斯、巴里·C·巴里什、基普·S·索恩Rainer Weiss / Barry C. Barish / Kip S. Thorne

对 LIGO 探测器与引力波观测的决定性贡献 for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves

2018｜阿瑟·阿什金、热拉尔·穆鲁、唐娜·斯特里克兰Arthur Ashkin / Gérard Mourou / Donna Strickland

• 阿瑟·阿什金：发明光镊并将其应用于生物系统 for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems

• 热拉尔·穆鲁、唐娜·斯特里克兰：发明产生高强度超短光脉冲的方法 for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses

2019｜詹姆斯·皮布尔斯、米歇尔·马约尔、迪迪埃·奎洛兹James Peebles / Michel Mayor / Didier Queloz

• 詹姆斯·皮布尔斯：物理宇宙学的理论发现 for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology

• 米歇尔·马约尔、迪迪埃·奎洛兹：发现一颗绕类太阳恒星运行的系外行星 for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star

2020｜罗杰·彭罗斯、莱因哈德·根策尔、安德烈娅·盖兹Roger Penrose / Reinhard Genzel / Andrea Ghez

• 罗杰·彭罗斯：发现黑洞的形成是广义相对论的稳健预言 for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity

• 莱因哈德·根策尔、安德烈娅·盖兹：发现银河系中心的超大质量致密天体 for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy

2021｜真锅淑郎、克劳斯·哈塞尔曼、乔治·帕里西Syukuro Manabe / Klaus Hasselmann / Giorgio Parisi

• 真锅淑郎、克劳斯·哈塞尔曼：地球气候的物理建模，量化其变率并可靠预测全球变暖 for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming

• 乔治·帕里西：发现从原子到行星尺度上无序与涨落的相互作用 for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales

2022｜阿兰·阿斯佩、约翰·F·克劳泽、安东·蔡林格Alain Aspect / John Clauser / Anton Zeilinger

用纠缠光子做实验，证实贝尔不等式被违反，并开创量子信息科学 for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science

2023｜皮埃尔·阿戈斯蒂尼、费伦茨·克劳斯、安妮·吕利耶Pierre Agostini / Ferenc Krausz / Anne L’Huillier

产生阿秒光脉冲以研究物质中电子动力学的实验方法 for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter

2024｜约翰·J·霍普菲尔德、杰弗里·辛顿John J. Hopfield / Geoffrey Hinton

奠定实现人工神经网络机器学习的发现与发明基础 for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks

2025｜约翰·克拉克、米歇尔·H·德沃雷、约翰·M·马蒂尼斯John Clarke / Michel H. Devoret / John M. Martinis

发现电路中的宏观量子力学隧穿与能量量子化 for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit

2026｜弗朗西斯·哈尔岑Francis Halzen

对 IceCube 中微子天文台的决定性贡献，以及发现来自天体物理的高能中微子 for decisive contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin

数据来源：Nobel Prize API 2.1。中文颁奖词为整理译写，英文为诺奖官方原文；获奖者中英文名以官方档案为准。

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编辑：fanye

来源：环球物理