游龙门，跃龙门：昆明西山龙门导游词（中英文）

游龙门，跃龙门：昆明西山龙门导游词

The Dragon Gate of Western Hill: A Tour Guide Script

陈大衡&AI

一、欢迎词 Welcome

中文

各位朋友，大家好！欢迎来到“滇中第一山”西山。昆明人常说一句老话：“登了龙门，鸿运当头。”今天，我们就一起去登一登这座有名的龙门。

西山位于滇池风景名胜区内，以雄奇、幽深、秀美的自然风光闻名，被誉为“云南第一山”。山中汇集了自然山水、佛寺道观、庭院村落；国家级、省级和市级保护的历史文物共有九处。龙门景区的游览时间约两到三个小时，请大家穿一双舒适的鞋子，我们这就出发。

English

Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the Western Hill, known as the "First Mountain in Yunnan." Kunming people have an old saying: "Once you climb the Dragon Gate, your fortune will be made." Today we are going to climb it together.

The Western Hill lies within the Dianchi Lake Scenic Area . It is famous for its majestic, serene and elegant scenery. Here you will find mountain landscapes, Buddhist and Daoist temples, courtyards and villages. Nine historical sites are under state, provincial or municipal protection. Our visit to the Dragon Gate will take about two to three hours, so I hope you are wearing comfortable shoes. Shall we begin?

二、温馨提示 Travel Tips

中文

出发之前，给大家三点小提示： 每年农历三月初三，昆明人有踏青的习俗。大家会对歌、舞龙、舞狮、野餐，一起欣赏春光。如果您恰好在这个时候来，会赶上最热闹的时节。 从云南民族村有往返西山的缆车，上下山都很方便。 我们今天的游览路线是：三清境 → 灵官殿 → 三清阁 → 揽海处 → 石隧道 → 慈云洞 → 云华洞 → 达天阁。

English

Before we set off, here are three small tips: On the third day of the third lunar month, Kunming people traditionally go on a spring outing. They sing songs in antiphonal style, hold dragon and lion dances, have picnics and enjoy the spring scenery. If you come at that time, you will catch the liveliest season of the year. A round-trip cable car runs between the Yunnan Ethnic Village and the Western Hill, which makes the trip up and down very convenient. Our route today is: Sanqingjing → Lingguan Hall → Sanqing Pavilion → Lanhaichu (Lake Viewing Place) → Stone Tunnel → Ciyun Cave → Yunhua Cave → Datian Pavilion.

三、龙门概况 Overview of the Dragon Gate

中文

绕过一处小山崖，罗汉崖就出现在眼前，龙门景区就建在这里。这里山崖陡峭，古树掩映之下，三清阁建筑群的金色屋顶若隐若现。

龙门景区由两部分组成：三清阁道观建筑群和龙门石窟群。三清阁的殿宇依山势排成九层，共有十一座楼阁，包括三清阁、灵官殿、真武殿等。龙门石窟群包括揽海处、慈云洞、云华洞和达天阁，是云南规模最大、最精美的道教石窟。

三清阁最初是元代梁王的避暑别墅，后来毁于战乱。明代，道士在沐氏家族的资助下重建了这里。到了清代末年，崖上的庙宇一座挨着一座，密得像蜂巢、燕窝。几百年间不断营建，古迹犹存，新景又添。今天，大家可以在这里欣赏飞檐掩映在翠林之间，彩云飘在蓝天之上，白帆点点浮在滇池碧波之中。这里风光秀美，文化底蕴深厚，是一处难得的好去处。

English

Walk around a small cliff and the Arhat Cliff comes into view. This is where the Dragon Gate Scenic Region is built. The cliffs here are precipitous, and the golden roofs of the Sanqing Pavilion Complex peep out from among the ancient trees.

The scenic region has two parts: the Sanqing Daoist Temple Complex and the Dragon Gate Grotto Complex. The temple's buildings climb the slope in nine tiers, with eleven pavilions and halls, including the Sanqing Pavilion, Lingguan Hall and Zhenwu Hall. The grotto complex includes Lanhaichu, Ciyun Cave, Yunhua Cave and Datian Pavilion, and it is the largest and most beautiful group of Daoist grottoes in Yunnan.

Sanqing Pavilion began as a country villa for a prince in the Yuan Dynasty (1279—1368), and fell into disuse during the wars. In the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), a Daoist monk rebuilt it with the support of the Mu clan. By the end of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1912), the temples on the cliff were crowded together like beehives and birds' nests. After hundreds of years of building and rebuilding, the old remains are still here and new sights keep being added. Today you can enjoy flying eaves among green woods, colorful clouds in a blue sky, and white sails on the green waters of Dianchi Lake. It is a place of beautiful scenery and rich cultural flavor.

四、三清境 Sanqingjing

中文

大家看，路的尽头立着一座牌坊，这里就是登三清阁的起点。牌坊上刻着四个大字“苍崖万丈”，形容山崖高耸入云。牌坊顶上刻着一幅八卦图，也就是太极图，是道教的标志，告诉我们这里是道家的“神仙福地”。

从三清境到灵官殿，共有72级陡峭的石阶，象征七十二地煞；从灵官殿到三清阁，有36级台阶，象征三十六天罡。这两个数字在道教建筑中很常见。

“三清境”这个山门名字，指的是道教的三清境界：最高一层是玉清境，居住着元始天尊；第二层是上清境，居住着灵宝天尊；第三层是太清境，居住着道德天尊，也就是老子。按照道教的说法，天有三十六重，最高的三重天分别住着这三位至高神。这就是道教建筑常用“三清”命名的原因，也是“三清阁”名字的由来。走到这里，就等于来到了道教的天界。

山门前有一副楹联，描绘仙境；山门背面还有一副，勉励登山的人继续向上。这副对联也蕴含着人生的道理：人不可自满，要胸怀远大志向，不断向前。

English

Look, an archway stands at the end of the road. This is the starting point for the climb to Sanqing Pavilion. Four Chinese characters are inscribed on it: 'Cang Ya Wan Zhang', meaning "the cliff rises thousands of meters high." On the top of the archway is a picture of the eight diagrams, called the Taijitu, the symbol of Daoism. It tells us that this is a Daoist fairyland.

The steep flight of 72 steps from Sanqingjing to Lingguan Hall stands for the 72 earthly spirits, and the 36 steps from Lingguan Hall to Sanqing Pavilion stand for the 36 heavenly spirits. Both numbers are commonly used in Daoist architecture.

The mountain gate is called "Sanqingjing", the Three Purity Realms. The highest is the Realm of Precious Purity, home of the God of the Prime Origin. The second is the Realm of Lofty Purity, home of the God of the Sacred Jewel. The third is the Realm of Absolute Purity, home of the God of the Way and Its Power — Master Laozi. In Daoism there are 36 tiers of heaven, and the top three are inhabited by these three utmost deities. That is why "Sanqing" appears so often in Daoist buildings, and why this is called the Sanqing Pavilion. To arrive here is to arrive in the heaven of Daoism.

At the entrance is a couplet describing a Daoist fairyland. On the back of the gate, another couplet encourages climbers to keep going until they reach the top. It carries a lesson about life too: never be self-satisfied; be a person of lofty aspiration and always move forward.

五、灵官殿 Lingguan Hall

中文

山门对面就是灵官殿，里面供奉着王灵官。他是道教的护法神，所有道观的主要入口处都会供奉他。

请大家看：他三只眼睛，红脸，一手执鞭，身披铠甲；两旁各有一位侍从，一位捧书，一位捧官印，显得威风凛凛。传说他生活在一千年前的宋代，为人刚正不阿，由玉皇大帝任命，专门纠察三界善恶、赏善罚恶。

殿前的匾额写着“飞阁流丹”，形容红色的楼阁高耸入云。殿中的楹联，则描绘了滇池和西山的美景。

English

Opposite the mountain gate is Lingguan Hall, where Wang Lingguan is enshrined. He is a guardian god of Daoism and is enshrined at the main entrance of every temple.

Look at him: three eyes, a red face, a whip in one hand, and a suit of armor. On either side stand two attendants, one holding books and the other an official seal. He looks valorous and imposing. It is said that he lived in the Song Dynasty, about a thousand years ago, and was an upright deity appointed by the Jade Emperor to oversee good and evil and reward virtue and punish vice across heaven and earth.

A horizontal board here reads 'Fei Ge Liu Dan', meaning "brilliant red pavilions rising to the sky." The couplet describes the beauty of both Dianchi Lake and the Western Hill.

六、三清阁 Sanqing Pavilion

中文

前往龙门的路边有两处平台。其中一处就是三清阁，传说是元代梁王的避暑之所，现在是一间茶馆。整个三清阁建筑群中，只有这里空间宽敞，可以让游客一边品茶，一边欣赏风景。大家爬了这么多台阶，正好在这里歇歇脚。

另一处平台上是真武殿，供奉着真武大帝，这是道教建筑中很常见的神祇。路边有一块龟蛇相缠的石雕，在中国文化里，龟和蛇都象征长寿。据说摸一摸这块石雕，可以延年益寿，大家不妨试试。

真武殿后面有一眼小泉，名叫“孝牛泉”，还有一个动人的故事：从前有一头小牛，为了救母亲，藏起了屠夫的刀。它的孝心感动了屠夫，屠夫便放下屠刀，入山皈依了道教。为了报答屠夫的善举，小牛用角在石头上凿出一眼泉水。这个传说体现了儒家的“百善孝为先”，也符合道家“善有善报”的理念。

English

Beside the road to the Dragon Gate are two platforms. On one of them stands the Sanqing Pavilion, said to have been a summer resort for Prince Liang in the Yuan Dynasty. Today it is a teahouse, and it is the only place in the Sanqing Complex spacious enough for visitors to rest and enjoy both tea and scenery. After all those steps, this is a good place to catch your breath.

On the other platform is Zhenwu Hall, where the God Zhenwu is enshrined, a popular deity in Daoist architecture. By the road is a stone carving of a tortoise within the coils of a snake. In Chinese culture both animals symbolize longevity, and it is said that one who touches this carving will live longer. Feel free to give it a try.

Behind Zhenwu Hall is a small spring called the Filial Calf Spring. The story goes that a calf rescued its mother from a butcher by hiding away with the butcher's knife. Moved by what the calf had done, the butcher gave up his trade and became a Daoist follower in the mountains. To repay his kindness, the calf drilled into the rock with its horn and made this spring. The legend reflects the Confucian idea that filial piety comes first among all virtues, and it also fits the Daoist ideal that good deeds will be well rewarded.

七、揽海处 Lanhaichu (Lake Viewing Place)

中文

穿过一条狭窄的石径，眼前豁然开朗，这里就是“揽海处”。放眼望去，水天相接，人与自然融为一体，这里是眺望滇池和西山的绝佳位置。

石室里有不少题刻，其中一块石碑记载了龙门开凿的经过。石室前部上方有一幅精美的壁画：一只展翅的凤凰。传说，黄帝居住在洛水一带（今河南），他派凤凰去给大禹送信，让他治理洪水，这幅壁画讲的就是这个故事。

再往前走，有一面石壁，刻着“普陀胜境”四个字，意思是“普陀山的美景”。普陀山是中国佛教名山，佛教的词语出现在道教建筑里，说明儒、释、道三教合流，这一特点在明清两代尤为明显。刚才看到的孝牛泉体现了儒家和道家的思想，等一会儿到了慈云洞，大家还会看到观音像，佛教色彩就更浓了。

English

Pass through a narrow stone channel and the view suddenly opens up. This is Lanhaichu, the Lake Viewing Place. Here the lake and the sky seem to meet, and you can feel the harmony between man and nature. It is the best spot for viewing Dianchi Lake and the Western Hill.

Inside the stone room are several inscriptions, and one tablet records how the Dragon Gate was cut. Above the front of the room is a graceful picture of a phoenix with spread wings. The legend says that the Yellow Emperor, the first emperor of China, who lived by the Luo River in Henan, sent a phoenix with a message to Dayu to control the flood. This fresco tells that story.

Further on is a stone wall inscribed 'Pu Tuo Sheng Jing', meaning "the wonderful scenery of Putuo." Putuo Mountain is a sacred mountain of Chinese Buddhism. A Buddhist term in a Daoist structure shows how Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism blended together, a trend especially clear in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Filial Spring we just saw shows Confucian as well as Daoist thought, and in Ciyun Cave you will see the statue of Guanyin, which brings out the Buddhist side even more.

八、龙门的修建 Construction of the Dragon Gate

中文

在进入石窟之前，我先给大家讲讲龙门是怎么修成的。

揽海处的石室，最早开凿于明代嘉靖年间，由道士赵练（也作赵炼）主持修造，距今已有近500年历史。他最初沿着悬崖修了一条木栈道，可是人走在上面，栈道晃动得厉害，令人胆战心惊。为了解决这个问题，清代道士吴来清决定放弃栈道，改凿石路。他从1781年开始施工，历时15年，修成了从揽海处连接“普陀胜境”石牌坊和慈云洞的石道。

再往前，是一条曲折的隧道，长约40米。从慈云洞通往达天阁的这段隧道叫“云华洞”，由云南人杨汝兰从1840年起，用了九年时间开凿。后来他的儿子杨际泰接着主持工程，凿成了达天阁，也就是龙门的核心。杨汝兰开凿云华洞耗时9年，杨际泰续建达天阁耗时4年，二人合计历时13年，最终于1853年完工。从吴来清开工到杨氏父子收尾，整个清代龙门工程前后跨越72年。据说，当时有七十多位石匠冒着生命危险，悬在铁链上，在峭壁上一凿一凿地雕刻，才成就了这处绝壁奇观。

English

Before we enter the grottoes, let me tell you how the Dragon Gate was built.

The stone room at Lanhaichu was first chiseled in the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty by a Daoist monk named Zhao Lian (also written as Zhao Lian), nearly 500 years ago. He first built a plank road along the cliff face, but it trembled so much when people walked on it that they were frightened. To solve the problem, a Daoist monk named Wu Laiqing opened up a stone path instead. He began in 1781 and took 15 years to finish the path linking Lanhaichu with the "Pu Tuo Sheng Jing" archway and Ciyun Cave.

Further on, a zigzagging tunnel about 40 meters long leads onward. The stretch from Ciyun Cave to Datian Pavilion is called Yunhua Cave. It was built by Yang Rulan of Yunnan over nine years, starting in 1840. His son Yang Jitai carried on the work and cut the Datian Pavilion (Sky Reaching Pavilion), the heart of the Dragon Gate. Yang Rulan spent 9 years on Yunhua Cave, and his son spent another 4 years on Datian Pavilion; together they completed the work in 1853. From Wu Laiqing's start to the Yang family's finish, the entire Qing-Dynasty project spanned 72 years. It is said that more than seventy stone carvers defied death, hanging from chains as they worked on the cliff, creating this marvel on the precipice.

九、慈云洞 Ciyun Cave

中文

这条隧道有一扇石窗，让洞内十分明亮。从窗口望出去，滇池尽收眼底，让人有置身天上宫阙的感觉。这座石窟名叫“慈云洞”，由一位道士开凿，洞内所有的造像和题刻，都是在同一块巨石上雕成的。

洞中央是慈航大士，也就是观音像，膝前有一个小孩，说明观音是送子观音。观音是慈悲的菩萨，救苦救难。古代中国讲“不孝有三，无后为大”，所以佛教徒相信观音能保佑妇女生儿育女。观音两侧是金童玉女，再往外，是骑龙和骑虎的两位护法。

石室前有一座石香炉，上面刻着清代诗人那文凤的两首诗，盛赞道士开凿石窟的辛勤付出。

English

The stone window makes this tunnel bright. Looking out of it, you can see Dianchi Lake, and standing here feels like being in a heavenly castle. This grotto is called Ciyun (Benevolent Cloud) Cave. It was chiseled by a Daoist monk, and all the statues and inscriptions here are carved from one single big rock.

In the middle of the cave stands the Goddess of Mercy, with a little child before her knees, which shows that Guanyin is the bestower of descendants. Guanyin is the Bodhisattva of mercy who saves all who suffer. In ancient China there were three forms of unfilial conduct, and the worst was to have no descendants, so Buddhists believe Guanyin will help women bear children. On her two sides stand her attendants, Golden Boy and Jade Girl, and beyond them two guardians, one riding a dragon and the other a tiger.

In front of the stone room is a stone incense burner carved with two poems by Na Wenfeng, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, who highly praised the monk for his hard and arduous work.

十、达天阁（龙门）Datian Pavilion

中文

再往前走40米，就到了龙门的最高处——达天阁。整座达天阁都是在整块山岩上凿出来的，布局精巧，工艺精湛。石牌坊、石平台、石室、石柱题刻、石像、香炉等，全部由石头雕成。

其中最生动的，是石室中央的魁星像。魁星是主管文运的神。这尊像约一米高，脚踏鳌头，右脚下悬着墨斗，整个造型就像一个“魁”字，非常形象，对应着成语“魁星点斗，独占鳌头”。魁星右手持朱笔，左手持墨斗；传说他手中的笔能点定状元。科举时代，只有状元才能站在宫殿前石阶上雕刻的鳌头之上，这便是“独占鳌头”的由来。两旁是关圣（武财神、战神）和文昌（掌管功名的神）。这两尊像是静态的，魁星则灵动鲜活。

细心的朋友会发现，魁星手中的笔没有笔尖。传说，有一位石匠来到西山，花了好些年凿成了石隧道、石窟、石牌坊和石室里的石像，就在雕刻最后一部分时，笔尖断了。石匠又失望又懊恼，竟从悬崖上跳了下去。这位年轻的石匠留给我们一个令人叹息的故事，也留下了精益求精的艺术精神。

魁星像后面刻着八仙过海，八位道教神仙各显神通。两边墙上刻着中国传统的“琴棋书画”和两匹奔腾的骏马。顶上是两只仙鹤和几颗仙桃。石室外的岩石上方有一座花形石龛，刻着“南极仙翁”（寿星）。这些雕刻优雅传神，栩栩如生。

石室北面刻着一条跳跃的鲤鱼，南面是一条吐水的金龙，讲的就是“鲤鱼跳龙门”的故事。传说大禹治理黄河，用神斧劈开龙门（又称禹门口），让河水流向大海。可是鲤鱼从此再也回不了上游的家乡了。大禹的妻子心地善良，向玉皇大帝求情，玉帝便让跃过龙门的鲤鱼化为龙，飞升上天；跳不过去的，就把它们的额头染红，送回家乡。从此，黄河里的鲤鱼额头上都有一点红。后人把科举考中的人比作“龙”，没考中的比作“鲤”。这只是个传说，但当您爬完艰难的山路，登上龙门之巅，心中一定会油然升起一股自豪感。

English

Walk another 40 meters and you reach the top of the Dragon Gate: the Datian Pavilion. The whole pavilion is chiseled out of bedrock, with a beautiful layout and exquisite workmanship. The stone archways, stone platform, stone room, stone column inscriptions, stone statues and incense burner are all carved from stone.

The most vivid sculpture is Kuixing, in the middle of the stone room. Kuixing is the God of Scholars and Literary Fortune. The statue is about one meter tall and stands on a turtle's head. An ink marker hangs from his right foot, and the whole figure looks just like the Chinese character 'kui', a vivid example of pictographic word formation — hence the idiom 'Kuixing Diandou, Duzhan Aotou' ("Kuixing points his brush, taking first place on the turtle's head"). In his right hand is a vermilion writing brush, and in his left an ink marker.

Legend says Kuixing could appoint the number one scholar in the imperial examinations with his brush, and only the top scholar was allowed to stand on the stone turtle's head carved in front of the palace. On either side stand Guansheng, the God of War, and Wenchang, the God of Official Rank. These two statues are static, while Kuixing is dynamic and lively.

A careful observer will notice that Kuixing's brush has no tip. The story goes that a stonecutter came to the Western Hill and spent years chiseling the tunnels, caves, archway and statues. He was working on the very last part when the brush tip broke. Disappointed and frustrated, he jumped off the cliff. The young stonecutter left us not only a sad story but also an example of the pursuit of perfection in art.

Behind the statues are carvings of the Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, the eight famous Daoist deities each displaying their magical powers. On both walls are pictures of the traditional cultivated arts of China: 'qin' (music), 'qi' (chess), 'shu' (calligraphy) and 'hua' (painting), along with two galloping horses. The ceiling shows two cranes and some peaches. Above the rock outside is a flower-shaped stone shrine carved with 'Nanji Xianweng', the God of Longevity. The carvings are graceful and lifelike.

To the north of the stone room is a jumping carp, and to the south a golden dragon spewing water. They tell the story of the carp that leaped over the Dragon Gate. Dayu, the famous flood controller of the Yellow River, opened up the Dragon Gate (also called Yumenkou) with a magic axe and let the water flow down to the sea.

But the carp could no longer swim back upstream to their home. Seeing this, Yu's kindhearted wife pleaded with the Jade Emperor, who agreed that carp that jumped over the Dragon Gate would become dragons and rise to heaven. Those that failed had their foreheads dyed red and were sent home. Since then, all the carp in the Yellow River have had a red spot on their foreheads, and later generations have called those who passed the exams "dragons" and those who failed "carp." It is only a legend, but when you climb the difficult passage to the top of the Dragon Gate, you may feel a sudden surge of pride.

十一、挂榜山与结束语 Guabangshan and Farewell

中文

最后，请大家看龙门南面的那块赤红色崖壁，它像一匹展开的红色丝绸金榜，所以叫“挂榜山”。在古代，参加科举考试、考中进士的人，就叫“登龙门”，他们的名字会被写在红榜上公布。从滇池上望过来，这面山崖就像一张高高挂起的光荣榜，因此得名。

这些美丽的传说，让西山更添神秘，也给人留下无限的遐想。站在龙门之巅，我们既惊叹于大自然造化出如此高耸入云的峭壁，也佩服古人开凿出精美的达天阁。龙门，实在是一处值得一游的好地方。

今天的游览到此结束，希望龙门的好运伴随大家：祝大家鸿运当头，步步高升！ 谢谢大家！

English

Finally, please look at the red cliff on the south side of the Dragon Gate. It looks like a red roll of silk honor roll, so it is known as Guabangshan, the "Hanging Roll Hill." In ancient China, those who passed the highest level of the imperial examinations and earned the title of Jinshi were said to have "ascended the Longmen," and their names were announced on a special red roll. Seen from the lake, this cliff looks like an honor roll hanging high, hence the name.

These beautiful legends add mystery to the hill and leave much to the imagination. Standing on top of the Dragon Gate, we marvel at the nature that created such a high, spire-like cliff, and at the creativity of the people who carved the graceful Datian Pavilion. It is truly a site worth visiting.

That brings our tour to an end. May the luck of the Dragon Gate go with you: may your fortunes rise and your careers climb higher with every step! Thank you, everyone!